fixups for v0.0.5 publish

demo_hornbeam_project@0.0.5
formbeam@0.0.5
formbeam_derive@0.0.5
hornbeam@0.0.5
hornbeam_grammar@0.0.5
hornbeam_interpreter@0.0.5
hornbeam_ir@0.0.5
hornbeam_macros@0.0.5

Generated by cargo-workspaces

.envrc

@@ -1,2 +1,2 @@
-use nix
+use flake --impure
 

.gitignore

@@ -1 +1,3 @@
 /.idea
+/.devenv
+/.direnv

Cargo.toml

@@ -5,10 +5,12 @@ members = [
     "hornbeam_interpreter",
     "hornbeam_macros",
     "hornbeam",
-    "demo_hornbeam_project",
+    "demo_hornbeam_project", "formbeam", "formbeam_derive",
 ]
 
 
+[workspace.dependencies]
+bevy_reflect = "0.14.0"
 
 # Enable optimisation for testing helpers
 [profile.dev.package.insta]

LICENCE.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
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+later version.
+
+  15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+  THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE.  THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+  16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+  IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+  17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+  If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+                     END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+            How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+  If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+  To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+    <one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
+    Copyright (C) <year>  <name of author>
+
+    This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+    it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
+    the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+    (at your option) any later version.
+
+    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+    GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+    You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+    along with this program.  If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+  If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
+network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
+get its source.  For example, if your program is a web application, its
+interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
+of the code.  There are many ways you could offer source, and different
+solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
+specific requirements.
+
+  You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
+<https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

README.md

@@ -12,5 +12,20 @@ WIP. Will be: a lightweight and nimble HTML templating engine, designed for comp
 
 ## Licence
 
-TODO. Currently All Rights Reserved.
+Currently under the AGPL 3 or later, but this is relatively likely to be changed at a later date.
 
+See `LICENCE.txt`.
+
+## Development
+
+### Releasing
+
+This is the command used to cut a release:
+
+```shell-commands
+cargo ws publish patch --all --force '*'
+```
+
+* `patch` could be `major` or `minor` instead.
+* `--force '*'` means all packages are bumped, even though they have no changes. This keeps the version numbers in sync.
+* `--all` means `demo_hornbeam_project` will be bumped even though it is not published.

demo_hornbeam_project/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
 [package]
 name = "demo_hornbeam_project"
-version = "0.0.1"
+version = "0.0.5"
 edition = "2021"
+private = true
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-axum = "0.6.9"
+axum = "0.8.4"
+bevy_reflect.workspace = true
 eyre = "0.6.8"
 color-eyre = "0.6.2"
 tokio = { version = "1.25.0", features = ["full"] }
 tracing = "0.1.37"
-hornbeam = { version = "0.0.1", path = "../hornbeam" }
+hornbeam = { version = "0.0.5", path = "../hornbeam", features = ["formbeam"] }
 tracing-subscriber = { version = "0.3.16", features = ["env-filter"] }
+
+async-trait = "0.1.81"
+formbeam = { version = "0.0.5", path = "../formbeam" }
+formbeam_derive = { version = "0.0.5", path = "../formbeam_derive" }
+serde = { version = "1.0.204", features = ["derive"] }

demo_hornbeam_project/src/main.rs

@@ -1,14 +1,23 @@
-use axum::extract::Path;
+use axum::extract::rejection::FormRejection;
+use axum::extract::{self, Path};
 use axum::http::StatusCode;
 use axum::response::{Html, IntoResponse, Response};
 use axum::routing::get;
 use axum::Router;
-use hornbeam::{initialise_template_manager, make_template_manager, render_template_string};
+use eyre::Context;
+use formbeam::traits::FormValidation;
+use formbeam::FormPartial;
+use hornbeam::{
+    initialise_template_manager, make_template_manager, render_template_string, ReflectedForm,
+};
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
+use tokio::net::TcpListener;
 use tracing::debug;
 use tracing_subscriber::layer::SubscriberExt;
 use tracing_subscriber::util::SubscriberInitExt;
 
+use formbeam_derive::Form;
+
 make_template_manager! {
     static ref TEMPLATING = {
         default_locale: "en",
@@ -28,13 +37,16 @@ async fn main() -> eyre::Result<()> {
 
     initialise_template_manager!(TEMPLATING);
 
-    let app = Router::new().route("/:lang/hello/:name", get(say_hello));
+    let app = Router::new()
+        .route("/:lang/hello/:name", get(say_hello))
+        .route("/:lang/formdemo", get(form_demo));
 
     let addr = SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 8080));
+    let listener = TcpListener::bind(addr)
+        .await
+        .context("Failed to listen on :8080")?;
     debug!("Listening on http://{}", addr);
-    axum::Server::bind(&addr)
-        .serve(app.into_make_service())
-        .await?;
+    axum::serve(listener, app).await?;
     Ok(())
 }
 
@@ -60,3 +72,38 @@ impl IntoResponse for Rendered {
         }
     }
 }
+
+#[derive(Debug, Form)]
+pub struct MyForm {
+    #[form(min_chars(2), max_chars(10), regex(r"^[^_:]+$"))]
+    name: String,
+    #[form(email)]
+    email: Option<String>,
+}
+
+async fn form_demo(
+    Path(lang): Path<String>,
+    form_in: Result<extract::Form<MyFormRaw>, FormRejection>,
+) -> impl IntoResponse {
+    let (form, valid_submission) = match form_in {
+        Ok(extract::Form(form_raw)) => {
+            let validation = form_raw.validate().await.unwrap();
+
+            if validation.is_valid() {
+                let submitted = form_raw.form().unwrap();
+                let MyForm { name, email } = submitted;
+                (
+                    Default::default(),
+                    Some(format!("hello {name} ({email:?})")),
+                )
+            } else {
+                (ReflectedForm::new(form_raw, validation), None)
+            }
+        }
+        Err(_) => (Default::default(), None),
+    };
+
+    Rendered(render_template_string!(TEMPLATING, form_demo, lang, {
+        form, valid_submission
+    }))
+}

demo_hornbeam_project/templates/components/ShowErrors.hnb

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+if $errors.len() != 0
+    "errors on this field (or 'form-wide' section):"
+    ul
+        for $e in $errors
+            li
+                "${$e.error_code()}"

demo_hornbeam_project/templates/components/ShowValidators.hnb

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+"validators on this field:"
+ul
+    for $fv in $form.info.field_validators($name)
+        li
+            match $fv
+                MinLength($l) =>
+                    "minimum length: $l"
+                MaxLength($l) =>
+                    "maximum length: $l"
+                Required =>
+                    "this field is required"
+                Email =>
+                    "e-mail address"
+                Regex($pat) =>
+                    "matches regex: $pat"
+                Custom($cust) =>
+                    "(custom) $cust"
+                _ =>
+                    "(other)"

demo_hornbeam_project/templates/pages/form_demo.hnb

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+html
+    head
+        title
+            "Hello!"
+
+    body
+        h1
+            "Form demo!"
+
+
+        match $valid_submission
+            Some($vs) =>
+                "great, you managed to submit a form! $vs"
+                br
+                "You can send another one if you want :)."
+
+            None =>
+                "Why don't you try submitting a form?"
+
+        hr
+
+        form {method="GET", action=""}
+            ShowErrors {errors=$form.errors.form_wide}
+
+            b
+                "Name"
+            input {type="text", name="name", value=$form.raw.name.unwrap_or("")}
+
+            br
+            ShowValidators {$form, name="name"}
+            br
+            ShowErrors {errors=$form.errors.name}
+            
+            hr
+
+            b
+                "E-mail address"
+            input {type="email", name="email", value=$form.raw.email.unwrap_or("")}
+
+            br
+            ShowValidators {$form, name="email"}
+            br
+            ShowErrors {errors=$form.errors.email}
+
+            hr
+
+            button {type="submit"}
+                "Submit!"

flake.lock

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+{
+  "nodes": {
+    "devenv": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "flake-compat": "flake-compat",
+        "nix": "nix",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs",
+        "pre-commit-hooks": "pre-commit-hooks"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1688058187,
+        "narHash": "sha256-ipDcc7qrucpJ0+0eYNlwnE+ISTcq4m03qW+CWUshRXI=",
+        "owner": "cachix",
+        "repo": "devenv",
+        "rev": "c8778e3dc30eb9043e218aaa3861d42d4992de77",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "cachix",
+        "ref": "v0.6.3",
+        "repo": "devenv",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "fenix": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ],
+        "rust-analyzer-src": "rust-analyzer-src"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1752907304,
+        "narHash": "sha256-rSw0b/ahoZebcp+AZG7uoScB5Q59TYEE5Kx8k0pZp9E=",
+        "owner": "nix-community",
+        "repo": "fenix",
+        "rev": "e91719882d0e4366202cc9058eb21df74c0bdb92",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-community",
+        "repo": "fenix",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "flake-compat": {
+      "flake": false,
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1673956053,
+        "narHash": "sha256-4gtG9iQuiKITOjNQQeQIpoIB6b16fm+504Ch3sNKLd8=",
+        "owner": "edolstra",
+        "repo": "flake-compat",
+        "rev": "35bb57c0c8d8b62bbfd284272c928ceb64ddbde9",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "edolstra",
+        "repo": "flake-compat",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "flake-utils": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1667395993,
+        "narHash": "sha256-nuEHfE/LcWyuSWnS8t12N1wc105Qtau+/OdUAjtQ0rA=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "rev": "5aed5285a952e0b949eb3ba02c12fa4fcfef535f",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "gitignore": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "devenv",
+          "pre-commit-hooks",
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ]
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1660459072,
+        "narHash": "sha256-8DFJjXG8zqoONA1vXtgeKXy68KdJL5UaXR8NtVMUbx8=",
+        "owner": "hercules-ci",
+        "repo": "gitignore.nix",
+        "rev": "a20de23b925fd8264fd7fad6454652e142fd7f73",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "hercules-ci",
+        "repo": "gitignore.nix",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "lowdown-src": {
+      "flake": false,
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1633514407,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Dw32tiMjdK9t3ETl5fzGrutQTzh2rufgZV4A/BbxuD4=",
+        "owner": "kristapsdz",
+        "repo": "lowdown",
+        "rev": "d2c2b44ff6c27b936ec27358a2653caaef8f73b8",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "kristapsdz",
+        "repo": "lowdown",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nix": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "lowdown-src": "lowdown-src",
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "devenv",
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ],
+        "nixpkgs-regression": "nixpkgs-regression"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1676545802,
+        "narHash": "sha256-EK4rZ+Hd5hsvXnzSzk2ikhStJnD63odF7SzsQ8CuSPU=",
+        "owner": "domenkozar",
+        "repo": "nix",
+        "rev": "7c91803598ffbcfe4a55c44ac6d49b2cf07a527f",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "domenkozar",
+        "ref": "relaxed-flakes",
+        "repo": "nix",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1678875422,
+        "narHash": "sha256-T3o6NcQPwXjxJMn2shz86Chch4ljXgZn746c2caGxd8=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "126f49a01de5b7e35a43fd43f891ecf6d3a51459",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixpkgs-unstable",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs-regression": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1643052045,
+        "narHash": "sha256-uGJ0VXIhWKGXxkeNnq4TvV3CIOkUJ3PAoLZ3HMzNVMw=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "215d4d0fd80ca5163643b03a33fde804a29cc1e2",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "215d4d0fd80ca5163643b03a33fde804a29cc1e2",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs-stable": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1678872516,
+        "narHash": "sha256-/E1YwtMtFAu2KUQKV/1+KFuReYPANM2Rzehk84VxVoc=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "9b8e5abb18324c7fe9f07cb100c3cd4a29cda8b8",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "ref": "nixos-22.11",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "nixpkgs_2": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1752620740,
+        "narHash": "sha256-f3pO+9lg66mV7IMmmIqG4PL3223TYMlnlw+pnpelbss=",
+        "owner": "NixOS",
+        "repo": "nixpkgs",
+        "rev": "32a4e87942101f1c9f9865e04dc3ddb175f5f32e",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "id": "nixpkgs",
+        "ref": "nixos-25.05",
+        "type": "indirect"
+      }
+    },
+    "pre-commit-hooks": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "flake-compat": [
+          "devenv",
+          "flake-compat"
+        ],
+        "flake-utils": "flake-utils",
+        "gitignore": "gitignore",
+        "nixpkgs": [
+          "devenv",
+          "nixpkgs"
+        ],
+        "nixpkgs-stable": "nixpkgs-stable"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1686050334,
+        "narHash": "sha256-R0mczWjDzBpIvM3XXhO908X5e2CQqjyh/gFbwZk/7/Q=",
+        "owner": "cachix",
+        "repo": "pre-commit-hooks.nix",
+        "rev": "6881eb2ae5d8a3516e34714e7a90d9d95914c4dc",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "cachix",
+        "repo": "pre-commit-hooks.nix",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "root": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "devenv": "devenv",
+        "fenix": "fenix",
+        "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2",
+        "utils": "utils"
+      }
+    },
+    "rust-analyzer-src": {
+      "flake": false,
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1752817855,
+        "narHash": "sha256-YnG3d44oX+g2ooUsNWT+Ii24w6T+b0dj86k0HkIFUj4=",
+        "owner": "rust-lang",
+        "repo": "rust-analyzer",
+        "rev": "330c4ed11c4e1eef0999a2cd629703a601da1436",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "rust-lang",
+        "ref": "nightly",
+        "repo": "rust-analyzer",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "systems": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1681028828,
+        "narHash": "sha256-Vy1rq5AaRuLzOxct8nz4T6wlgyUR7zLU309k9mBC768=",
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "rev": "da67096a3b9bf56a91d16901293e51ba5b49a27e",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-systems",
+        "repo": "default",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
+    "utils": {
+      "inputs": {
+        "systems": "systems"
+      },
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1710146030,
+        "narHash": "sha256-SZ5L6eA7HJ/nmkzGG7/ISclqe6oZdOZTNoesiInkXPQ=",
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "rev": "b1d9ab70662946ef0850d488da1c9019f3a9752a",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "numtide",
+        "repo": "flake-utils",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  "root": "root",
+  "version": 7
+}

flake.nix

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+{
+  description = "Hornbeam";
+
+  inputs = {
+    utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
+    # Current Rust in nixpkgs is too old unfortunately — let's use the Fenix overlay's packages...
+    fenix = {
+      url = "github:nix-community/fenix";
+      inputs.nixpkgs.follows = "nixpkgs";
+    };
+    nixpkgs.url = "nixpkgs/nixos-25.05";
+
+    devenv.url = "github:cachix/devenv/v0.6.3";
+  };
+
+  outputs = inputs @ { self, nixpkgs, utils, fenix, devenv }:
+    utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system: let
+      pkgs = nixpkgs.legacyPackages."${system}";
+
+      fenixRustToolchain =
+        fenix.packages."${system}".stable.withComponents [
+          "cargo"
+          "clippy"
+          "rust-src"
+          "rustc"
+          "rustfmt"
+          "rust-analyzer"
+        ];
+    in rec {
+      # `nix develop`
+      devShell = devenv.lib.mkShell {
+        inherit inputs pkgs;
+        modules = [
+          {
+            # Configure packages to install.
+            # Search for package names at https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=unstable
+            packages = [
+              fenixRustToolchain
+              pkgs.gcc
+
+              # Snapshot testing
+              pkgs.cargo-insta
+
+              # Releasing a full workspace of packages
+              pkgs.cargo-workspaces
+
+              # Macro debugging
+              pkgs.cargo-expand
+
+              pkgs.grass-sass
+              pkgs.entr
+
+              # TODO Future pkgs.mdbook
+
+              pkgs.pkg-config
+            ];
+
+            env = {
+              # Needed for bindgen when binding to avahi
+              LIBCLANG_PATH="${pkgs.llvmPackages_latest.libclang.lib}/lib";
+
+              # Sometimes useful for reference.
+              RUST_SRC_PATH = "${fenixRustToolchain}/lib/rustlib/src/rust/library";
+
+              # Cargo culted:
+              # Add to rustc search path
+              #RUSTFLAGS = (builtins.map (a: ''-L ${a}/lib'') [
+              #]);
+              # Add to bindgen search path
+              BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS =
+                # Includes with normal include path
+                (builtins.map (a: ''-I"${a}/include"'') [
+#                   pkgs.glibc.dev
+                ])
+                # Includes with special directory paths
+                ++ [
+#                   ''-I"${pkgs.llvmPackages_latest.libclang.lib}/lib/clang/${pkgs.llvmPackages_latest.libclang.version}/include"''
+                ];
+            };
+          }
+        ];
+      };
+    });
+}

formbeam/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "formbeam"
+description = "Form system for the Hornbeam template engine"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-or-later"
+version = "0.0.5"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[dependencies]
+async-trait = "0.1.81"
+regex = "1.10.5"
+bevy_reflect.workspace = true
+static_assertions = "1.1.0"

formbeam/src/errors.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+use std::collections::BTreeMap;
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Display};
+
+use bevy_reflect::{FromReflect, Reflect, TypePath};
+use static_assertions::assert_impl_all;
+
+#[derive(Clone, Reflect)]
+// This makes the struct opaque to the reflection engine, meaning it will
+// be cloned absolutely instead of being converted to a DynamicEnum.
+// However it won't implement Enum. I still think that's preferable, so `error_code()` will work etc.`
+#[reflect_value]
+pub enum FieldError {
+    Missing,
+
+    TooShort {
+        current: u32,
+        min_length: u32,
+        max_length: u32,
+        unit: FieldUnit,
+    },
+    TooLong {
+        current: u32,
+        min_length: u32,
+        max_length: u32,
+        unit: FieldUnit,
+    },
+
+    Custom {
+        code: String,
+        description: String,
+        values: BTreeMap<String, String>,
+    },
+}
+
+impl FieldError {
+    pub fn error_code(&self) -> &str {
+        match self {
+            FieldError::Missing => "missing",
+            FieldError::TooShort {
+                unit: FieldUnit::Characters,
+                ..
+            } => "too_short_chars",
+            FieldError::TooLong {
+                unit: FieldUnit::Characters,
+                ..
+            } => "too_long_chars",
+            FieldError::Custom { code, .. } => code,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Reflect)]
+pub enum FieldUnit {
+    Characters,
+}
+
+impl Display for FieldUnit {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            FieldUnit::Characters => write!(f, "characters"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Debug for FieldError {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut std::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> std::fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            FieldError::Missing => write!(f, "The field is missing"),
+            FieldError::TooShort { current, min_length, max_length, unit } => write!(f, "The field is too short ({current}); it should be between {min_length} and {max_length} {unit}."),
+            FieldError::TooLong { current, min_length, max_length, unit } => write!(f, "The field is too long ({current}); it should be between {min_length} and {max_length} {unit}."),
+            FieldError::Custom {
+                code,
+                description,
+                values,
+            } => write!(f, "[{code}] {description} {values:?}"),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+pub type FieldErrors = Vec<FieldError>;
+assert_impl_all!(FieldErrors: Reflect, FromReflect, TypePath);

formbeam/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+pub mod errors;
+pub mod traits;
+pub mod validators;
+
+pub use errors::{FieldError, FieldErrors};
+pub use traits::{
+    FieldInfo, FieldValidator, FieldValidatorInfo, Form, FormPartial, FormPartialInfo,
+    FormValidator,
+};

formbeam/src/traits.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+
+use crate::errors::FieldErrors;
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait FormValidator<F: Form, C: Send + 'static> {
+    type Error: Send + 'static;
+
+    async fn validate(&self, form: &mut F, context: &mut C) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait FieldValidator<C: Send + 'static> {
+    type Error: Send + 'static;
+
+    async fn validate(
+        &self,
+        value: &str,
+        errors: &mut FieldErrors,
+        context: &mut C,
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error>;
+}
+
+/// The type of a realised, fully validated and populated, form.
+pub trait Form: Sized + 'static {
+    type Partial: FormPartial<Form = Self>;
+}
+
+/// The type of a partially populated and as-yet-unvalidated form.
+/// Structs for and implementations of this trait can be generated via derive macro.
+#[async_trait]
+pub trait FormPartial {
+    type Form: Form<Partial = Self>;
+    type Validation: FormValidation<Partial = Self>;
+    type Error: Send + 'static;
+
+    /// Converts the partial into a form.
+    ///
+    /// # Preconditions
+    ///
+    /// - The form should already have been validated.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Only structural/type errors will be returned here, with only the name of the field
+    /// to be returned.
+    ///
+    /// No other validation is performed here.
+    fn form(&self) -> Result<Self::Form, &'static str>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    /// Runs all the validators on the form and calculates errors.
+    ///
+    /// Should only be called once.
+    ///
+    /// # Errors
+    ///
+    /// Returns direct errors from validators if one was thrown.
+    async fn validate(&self) -> Result<Self::Validation, Self::Error>
+    where
+        Self: Sized;
+
+    const INFO: &'static FormPartialInfo;
+
+    fn validator_info(&self) -> &'static FormPartialInfo {
+        Self::INFO
+    }
+}
+
+/// The result of validation.
+pub trait FormValidation {
+    type Partial: FormPartial<Validation = Self>;
+
+    /// Returns true if the form is valid.
+    fn is_valid(&self) -> bool;
+}
+
+pub struct FormPartialInfo {
+    pub form_validators: &'static [&'static str],
+    pub fields: &'static [FieldInfo],
+}
+
+pub struct FieldInfo {
+    pub name: &'static str,
+    pub validators: &'static [FieldValidatorInfo],
+}
+
+pub enum FieldValidatorInfo {
+    MinLength(u32),
+    MaxLength(u32),
+    MinValue(i64),
+    MaxValue(i64),
+    Required,
+    Email,
+    Regex(&'static str),
+    Custom(&'static str),
+}

formbeam/src/validators.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, convert::Infallible, sync::LazyLock};
+
+use async_trait::async_trait;
+pub use regex::Regex;
+
+use crate::{
+    errors::{FieldError, FieldErrors, FieldUnit},
+    traits::FieldValidator,
+};
+
+/// Constrains the minimum and maximum length, counted in `char`s, of a text input.
+pub struct LengthInChars {
+    pub min_length: u32,
+    pub max_length: u32,
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl FieldValidator<()> for LengthInChars {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+
+    async fn validate(
+        &self,
+        value: &str,
+        errors: &mut FieldErrors,
+        _context: &mut (),
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        // Clamp to u32::MAX
+        let length = value.chars().count().min(u32::MAX as usize) as u32;
+
+        if length < self.min_length {
+            errors.push(FieldError::TooShort {
+                current: length,
+                min_length: self.min_length,
+                max_length: self.max_length,
+                unit: FieldUnit::Characters,
+            });
+        }
+
+        if length > self.max_length {
+            errors.push(FieldError::TooLong {
+                current: length,
+                min_length: self.min_length,
+                max_length: self.max_length,
+                unit: FieldUnit::Characters,
+            });
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+/// Regex for an e-mail address according to
+/// <https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/input.html#valid-e-mail-address>
+///
+/// This is likely representative of what browsers accept, but note that
+/// it intentionally deviates from RFC 5322 which is not considered practical.
+static EMAIL_REGEX: LazyLock<Regex> = LazyLock::new(|| {
+    Regex::new(r"^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+\/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$").expect("email regex")
+});
+
+pub struct Email;
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl FieldValidator<()> for Email {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+
+    async fn validate(
+        &self,
+        value: &str,
+        errors: &mut FieldErrors,
+        _context: &mut (),
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        if !EMAIL_REGEX.is_match_at(value, 0) {
+            errors.push(FieldError::Custom {
+                code: "invalid_email".to_owned(),
+                description: "Not a valid e-mail address".to_owned(),
+                values: BTreeMap::new(),
+            })
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
+#[async_trait]
+impl FieldValidator<()> for Regex {
+    type Error = Infallible;
+
+    async fn validate(
+        &self,
+        value: &str,
+        errors: &mut FieldErrors,
+        _context: &mut (),
+    ) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
+        if !self.is_match_at(value, 0) {
+            errors.push(FieldError::Custom {
+                code: "regex_unmatched".to_owned(),
+                description: "Field did not match the intended pattern".to_owned(),
+                values: BTreeMap::new(),
+            })
+        }
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}

formbeam_derive/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+[package]
+name = "formbeam_derive"
+description = "Form system for the Hornbeam template engine (derive macros)"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-or-later"
+version = "0.0.5"
+edition = "2021"
+
+[lib]
+proc-macro = true
+
+[dependencies]
+proc-macro2 = "1.0.86"
+quote = "1.0.36"
+syn = "2.0.72"

formbeam_derive/src/derive_form.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,540 @@
+use proc_macro2::Ident;
+use proc_macro2::TokenStream;
+use quote::format_ident;
+use quote::quote;
+use syn::parenthesized;
+use syn::DeriveInput;
+use syn::Field;
+use syn::LitInt;
+use syn::LitStr;
+use syn::Type;
+use syn::Visibility;
+
+pub fn derive_form(input: DeriveInput) -> TokenStream {
+    let fields = match input.data {
+        syn::Data::Struct(strukt) => match strukt.fields {
+            syn::Fields::Named(named) => named,
+            syn::Fields::Unnamed(_) => panic!("cannot derive Form for a tuple struct"),
+            syn::Fields::Unit => panic!("cannot derive Form for a unit struct"),
+        },
+        syn::Data::Enum(_) => panic!("cannot derive Form for an enum"),
+        syn::Data::Union(_) => panic!("cannot derive Form for a union"),
+    };
+
+    let mut fields_vec = Vec::new();
+    for pair in fields.named.into_pairs() {
+        let field = pair.into_value();
+        let f_info = parse_field_attrs(&field);
+        fields_vec.push((field, f_info));
+    }
+
+    let partial_ident = format_ident!("{}Raw", input.ident);
+    let validation_ident = format_ident!("{}Validation", input.ident);
+
+    let partial_struct = write_form_partial_struct(&partial_ident, &fields_vec, &input.vis);
+    let validation_struct =
+        write_form_validation_struct(&partial_ident, &validation_ident, &fields_vec, &input.vis);
+    let partial_impl =
+        write_form_partial_impl(&input.ident, &partial_ident, &validation_ident, &fields_vec);
+
+    quote!(
+        #partial_struct
+        #validation_struct
+
+        #partial_impl
+    )
+}
+
+fn identify_base_type(unprefixed: &Ident) -> FieldType {
+    match unprefixed.to_string().as_str() {
+        "u8" | "i8" | "u16" | "i16" | "u32" | "i32" | "u64" | "i64" | "u128" | "i128" | "f32"
+        | "f64" => FieldType::Numeric,
+        "String" => FieldType::String,
+        "bool" => FieldType::Boolean,
+        other => {
+            panic!("unsupported field type: `{other}`")
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn identify_type(ty: &Type) -> (FieldType, bool) {
+    let (ftype, needed) = match ty {
+        syn::Type::Array(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: array"),
+        syn::Type::BareFn(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: bare fn"),
+        syn::Type::Group(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: Group"),
+        syn::Type::ImplTrait(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: impl Trait"),
+        syn::Type::Infer(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: Infer"),
+        syn::Type::Macro(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: macro"),
+        syn::Type::Never(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: Never"),
+        syn::Type::Paren(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: parenthesised"),
+        syn::Type::Path(type_path) => {
+            let path = &type_path.path;
+            if path.segments.len() != 1 {
+                panic!("unsupported field type syntax (can't deal with multiple path segments)");
+            }
+            let segment = path.segments.get(0).unwrap();
+
+            if segment.ident == "Option" {
+                match &segment.arguments {
+                    syn::PathArguments::None => {
+                        panic!("unsupported field type: Option without args")
+                    }
+                    syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(bracks) => {
+                        if bracks.args.len() != 1 {
+                            panic!("unsupported field type: Option with other than 1 arg");
+                        }
+                        let arg = bracks.args.get(0).unwrap();
+                        match arg {
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Lifetime(_) => {
+                                panic!("unsupported field type with lifetime")
+                            }
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Type(ty) => {
+                                let (base_type, check_needed) = identify_type(ty);
+                                if base_type == FieldType::Boolean {
+                                    panic!(
+                                        "Option<bool> isn't supported (does it even make sense?)"
+                                    );
+                                }
+                                if !check_needed {
+                                    panic!("unsupported field type with nested Options or something like that");
+                                }
+                                (base_type, false)
+                            }
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Const(_) => {
+                                panic!("unsupported field type with const")
+                            }
+                            syn::GenericArgument::AssocType(_) => {
+                                panic!("unsupported field type with associated type")
+                            }
+                            syn::GenericArgument::AssocConst(_) => {
+                                panic!("unsupported field type with associated const")
+                            }
+                            syn::GenericArgument::Constraint(_) => {
+                                panic!("unsupported field type with constraint")
+                            }
+                            _ => panic!("other generic argument unsupported?"),
+                        }
+                    }
+                    syn::PathArguments::Parenthesized(_) => {
+                        panic!("unsupported field type with ( )s")
+                    }
+                }
+            } else {
+                match &segment.arguments {
+                    syn::PathArguments::None => {
+                        let base_type = identify_base_type(&segment.ident);
+                        let needed = base_type != FieldType::Boolean;
+                        (base_type, needed)
+                    }
+                    syn::PathArguments::AngleBracketed(_) => {
+                        panic!("unsupported field type: non-Option with args")
+                    }
+                    syn::PathArguments::Parenthesized(_) => {
+                        panic!("unsupported field type with ( )s")
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        syn::Type::Ptr(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: pointer"),
+        syn::Type::Reference(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: ref"),
+        syn::Type::Slice(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: slice"),
+        syn::Type::TraitObject(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: trait object"),
+        syn::Type::Tuple(_) => panic!("unsupported field type: tuple"),
+        syn::Type::Verbatim(_) => panic!("verbatim?"),
+        _ => panic!("unsupported (unknown) field type"),
+    };
+    (ftype, needed)
+}
+
+fn parse_field_attrs(f: &Field) -> FieldInfo {
+    let (ftype, needed) = identify_type(&f.ty);
+    let mut out = FieldInfo {
+        ftype,
+        needed,
+        need_nonempty: true,
+        min_chars: None,
+        max_chars: None,
+        email: false,
+        regex: None,
+    };
+
+    for attr in &f.attrs {
+        if !attr.meta.path().is_ident("form") {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        attr.parse_nested_meta(|meta| {
+            // #[form(allow_empty)]
+            if meta.path.is_ident("allow_empty") {
+                out.need_nonempty = false;
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            // #[form(email)]
+            if meta.path.is_ident("email") {
+                if out.email {
+                    panic!("duplicate email annotation");
+                }
+                out.email = true;
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            // #[form(min_chars(2))]
+            if meta.path.is_ident("min_chars") {
+                let content;
+                parenthesized!(content in meta.input);
+                let lit: LitInt = content.parse()?;
+                let n: u32 = lit.base10_parse()?;
+                if out.min_chars.is_some() {
+                    panic!("duplicate min_chars annotation");
+                }
+                out.min_chars = Some(n);
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            // #[form(max_chars(2))]
+            if meta.path.is_ident("max_chars") {
+                let content;
+                parenthesized!(content in meta.input);
+                let lit: LitInt = content.parse()?;
+                let n: u32 = lit.base10_parse()?;
+                if out.max_chars.is_some() {
+                    panic!("duplicate max_chars annotation");
+                }
+                out.max_chars = Some(n);
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            // #[form(regex("\A[0-9]+\Z"))]
+            if meta.path.is_ident("regex") {
+                let content;
+                parenthesized!(content in meta.input);
+                let lit: LitStr = content.parse()?;
+                if out.regex.is_some() {
+                    panic!("duplicate regex annotation");
+                }
+                out.regex = Some(lit.value());
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+
+            panic!(
+                "unrecognised field attribute: {}",
+                meta.path
+                    .get_ident()
+                    .map(|i| format!("`{i}`"))
+                    .unwrap_or_else(|| "<???>".to_owned())
+            )
+        })
+        .unwrap();
+    }
+
+    out
+}
+
+fn write_form_partial_struct(
+    partial_ident: &Ident,
+    fields: &[(Field, FieldInfo)],
+    vis: &Visibility,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let field_idents: Vec<&Ident> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(f, _)| f.ident.as_ref().unwrap())
+        .collect();
+
+    quote!(
+        #[allow(missing_docs)]
+        #[derive(Default, Debug, ::bevy_reflect::Reflect, ::serde::Deserialize)]
+        #vis struct #partial_ident {
+            #(#field_idents: Option<String>),*
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+fn write_form_validation_struct(
+    partial_ident: &Ident,
+    validation_ident: &Ident,
+    fields: &[(Field, FieldInfo)],
+    vis: &Visibility,
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let field_idents: Vec<&Ident> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(f, _)| f.ident.as_ref().unwrap())
+        .collect();
+
+    quote!(
+        #[allow(missing_docs)]
+        #[derive(Default, Debug, ::bevy_reflect::Reflect)]
+        #vis struct #validation_ident {
+            form_wide: ::formbeam::FieldErrors,
+            #(#field_idents: ::formbeam::FieldErrors),*
+        }
+
+        impl ::formbeam::traits::FormValidation for #validation_ident {
+            type Partial = #partial_ident;
+
+            fn is_valid(&self) -> bool {
+                self.form_wide.is_empty()
+                #(&& self.#field_idents.is_empty())*
+            }
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+fn write_form_partial_impl(
+    form_ident: &Ident,
+    partial_ident: &Ident,
+    validation_ident: &Ident,
+    fields: &[(Field, FieldInfo)],
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let validate_body = write_partial_impl_validate(validation_ident, fields);
+    let form_method_body = write_partial_impl_form_method(form_ident, fields);
+    let form_info = write_form_info(fields);
+    quote!(
+        impl ::formbeam::Form for #form_ident {
+            type Partial = #partial_ident;
+        }
+
+        #[::async_trait::async_trait]
+        impl ::formbeam::FormPartial for #partial_ident {
+            type Form = #form_ident;
+            type Validation = #validation_ident;
+            type Error = ::core::convert::Infallible; // TODO
+
+            const INFO: &'static ::formbeam::FormPartialInfo = &#form_info;
+
+            async fn validate(&self) -> Result<Self::Validation, Self::Error> {
+                use ::formbeam::FieldValidator;
+                #validate_body
+            }
+
+            fn form(&self) -> Result<Self::Form, &'static str> {
+                #form_method_body
+            }
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+fn write_partial_impl_validate(
+    validation_ident: &Ident,
+    fields: &[(Field, FieldInfo)],
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let field_statements = fields.iter().map(write_validate_statement);
+    quote!(
+        let mut errors = #validation_ident::default();
+
+        #(#field_statements)*
+
+        Ok(errors)
+    )
+}
+
+struct FieldInfo {
+    ftype: FieldType,
+    /// Whether the field is required to be present in the form.
+    /// This is true unless the type is `Option<T>`.
+    needed: bool,
+    /// Whether the field needs to be non-empty. By default this is true.
+    /// If `needed` is false and `need_nonempty` is true, then empty fields will be coerced to `None` instead.
+    /// If both `needed` and `need_nonempty` are false, then empty fields will be `Some("")` o.e.; only absent fields will be `None`.
+    /// If both `needed` and `need_nonempty` are true, then empty fields will not be accepted
+    /// and the `Required` validator is added to the field's info (this matches HTML form semantics).
+    need_nonempty: bool,
+    min_chars: Option<u32>,
+    max_chars: Option<u32>,
+    email: bool,
+    regex: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Debug)]
+enum FieldType {
+    Numeric,
+    String,
+    /// Boolean indicating the presence and non-emptiness of the field.
+    Boolean,
+}
+
+fn write_form_info(fields: &[(Field, FieldInfo)]) -> TokenStream {
+    let form_validators: Vec<TokenStream> = Vec::new();
+    let fields: Vec<TokenStream> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(f, fi)| write_form_info_for_field(f, fi))
+        .collect();
+    quote!(
+        ::formbeam::FormPartialInfo {
+            form_validators: &[
+                #(#form_validators),*
+            ],
+            fields: &[
+                #(#fields),*
+            ]
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+fn write_form_info_for_field(field: &Field, f_info: &FieldInfo) -> TokenStream {
+    let name = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap().to_string();
+    let mut validators = Vec::new();
+
+    if f_info.needed && f_info.need_nonempty {
+        validators.push(quote!(::formbeam::FieldValidatorInfo::Required));
+    }
+
+    if let Some(l) = f_info.min_chars {
+        validators.push(quote!(::formbeam::FieldValidatorInfo::MinLength(#l)));
+    }
+    if let Some(l) = f_info.max_chars {
+        validators.push(quote!(::formbeam::FieldValidatorInfo::MaxLength(#l)));
+    }
+    if f_info.email {
+        validators.push(quote!(::formbeam::FieldValidatorInfo::Email));
+    }
+    if let Some(r) = &f_info.regex {
+        validators.push(quote!(::formbeam::FieldValidatorInfo::Regex(#r)));
+    }
+
+    quote!(
+        ::formbeam::FieldInfo {
+            name: #name,
+            validators: &[#(#validators),*]
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+fn write_validate_statement((field, f_info): &(Field, FieldInfo)) -> TokenStream {
+    let f = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+    let configured_validators = write_validators(field, f_info);
+
+    let check_nonempty = if f_info.need_nonempty {
+        quote!(
+            if field.is_empty() {
+                errors.#f.push(::formbeam::FieldError::Missing);
+            } else {
+                #(#configured_validators)*
+            }
+        )
+    } else {
+        quote!(#(#configured_validators)*)
+    };
+
+    let else_not_present = if f_info.needed {
+        quote!(
+            errors.#f.push(::formbeam::FieldError::Missing);
+        )
+    } else {
+        TokenStream::new()
+    };
+
+    quote!(
+        if let Some(field) = &self.#f {
+            #check_nonempty
+        } else {
+            #else_not_present
+        }
+    )
+}
+
+fn write_validators(field: &Field, f_info: &FieldInfo) -> Vec<TokenStream> {
+    let f = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+    let mut out = Vec::new();
+
+    if f_info.min_chars.is_some() || f_info.max_chars.is_some() {
+        let effective_min = f_info.min_chars.unwrap_or(0);
+        let effective_max = f_info.max_chars.unwrap_or(u32::MAX);
+
+        out.push(quote!(
+            ::formbeam::validators::LengthInChars { min_length: #effective_min, max_length: #effective_max }.validate(&field, &mut errors.#f, &mut ()).await?;
+        ));
+    }
+
+    if let Some(regex) = &f_info.regex {
+        let regex_ident = format_ident!("REGEX_{}", f.to_string().to_uppercase());
+        out.push(quote!(
+            static #regex_ident: ::std::sync::LazyLock<::formbeam::validators::Regex> = ::std::sync::LazyLock::new(|| {
+                ::formbeam::validators::Regex::new(#regex).expect("invalid regex") 
+            });
+            #regex_ident.validate(&field, &mut errors.#f, &mut ()).await?;
+        ));
+    }
+
+    if f_info.email {
+        out.push(quote!(
+            ::formbeam::validators::Email.validate(&field, &mut errors.#f, &mut ()).await?;
+        ));
+    }
+
+    out
+}
+
+fn write_partial_impl_form_method(
+    form_ident: &Ident,
+    fields: &[(Field, FieldInfo)],
+) -> TokenStream {
+    let field_idents: Vec<&Ident> = fields
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(f, _)| f.ident.as_ref().unwrap())
+        .collect();
+
+    let mut statements = Vec::new();
+
+    for (field, field_info) in fields.iter() {
+        let f = field.ident.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+        let none_case = if field_info.needed {
+            let f_name = f.to_string();
+            quote!(return Err(#f_name);)
+        } else if field_info.ftype == FieldType::Boolean {
+            quote!(false)
+        } else {
+            quote!(None)
+        };
+
+        let some_case = {
+            let converter = converter_from_raw_to_field(f, field_info);
+
+            if field_info.needed || field_info.ftype == FieldType::Boolean {
+                converter
+            } else if field_info.need_nonempty {
+                // For not-needed fields that must not be empty,
+                // coerce empty fields into `None`
+                quote!(
+                    if raw.is_empty() {
+                        None
+                    } else {
+                        Some({#converter})
+                    }
+                )
+            } else {
+                quote!(Some({#converter}))
+            }
+        };
+
+        statements.push(quote!(
+            let #f = match &self.#f {
+                Some(raw) => {
+                    #some_case
+                },
+                None => {
+                    #none_case
+                }
+            };
+        ))
+    }
+
+    quote!(
+        #(#statements)*
+        Ok(#form_ident { #(#field_idents),* })
+    )
+}
+
+fn converter_from_raw_to_field(f: &Ident, field_info: &FieldInfo) -> TokenStream {
+    let f_name = f.to_string();
+    match field_info.ftype {
+        FieldType::Numeric => quote!(
+            raw.parse().map_err(|_| #f_name)?
+        ),
+        FieldType::String => quote!(raw.to_owned()),
+        FieldType::Boolean => quote!(!raw.is_empty()),
+    }
+}

formbeam_derive/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+use proc_macro::TokenStream;
+use syn::parse_macro_input;
+
+mod derive_form;
+
+#[proc_macro_derive(Form, attributes(form))]
+pub fn my_proc_macro(input: TokenStream) -> TokenStream {
+    let input = parse_macro_input!(input as syn::DeriveInput);
+    derive_form::derive_form(input).into()
+}

hornbeam/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,21 +1,24 @@
 [package]
 name = "hornbeam"
-version = "0.0.1"
+description = "Hornbeam template engine (high-level crate for use in applications)"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-or-later"
+version = "0.0.5"
 edition = "2021"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-hornbeam_interpreter = { version = "0.0.1", path = "../hornbeam_interpreter" }
+hornbeam_interpreter = { version = "0.0.5", path = "../hornbeam_interpreter" }
 
 arc-swap = "1.6.0"
 notify = "5.1.0"
 lazy_static = "1.4.0"
 
 tokio = { version = "1.26.0", optional = true }
-axum = { version = "0.6.10", optional = true }
+axum = { version = "0.8.4", optional = true }
 
 [features]
 default = ["interpreted", "hot_reload"]
 interpreted = []
 hot_reload = ["tokio", "axum"]
+formbeam = ["hornbeam_interpreter/formbeam"]

hornbeam/src/interpreted.rs

@@ -70,14 +70,18 @@ pub fn new_template_manager(
             }
         }
 
-        successful.expect(&format!("Could not find Hornbeam templates/translations: tried looking in {try_paths:?} and no HORNBEAM_BASE environment variable set!"))
+        successful.unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Could not find Hornbeam templates/translations: tried looking in {try_paths:?} and no HORNBEAM_BASE environment variable set!"))
     };
-    let template_sys = load_new_template_system(
+    let template_sys = match load_new_template_system(
         default_locale,
         &base_dir.join("templates"),
         &base_dir.join("translations"),
-    )
-    .expect("Failed to create Hornbeam environment!");
+    ) {
+        Ok(v) => v,
+        Err(err) => {
+            panic!("Failed to create Hornbeam environment! {err}");
+        }
+    };
     let templates = Arc::new(ArcSwap::new(Arc::new(template_sys)));
 
     #[cfg(feature = "hot_reload")]
@@ -111,6 +115,11 @@ fn load_new_template_system(
 
 #[cfg(feature = "hot_reload")]
 pub fn is_hot_reload_enabled() -> bool {
+    #[cfg(debug_assertions)]
+    const DEFAULT_HOT_RELOAD: bool = true;
+    #[cfg(not(debug_assertions))]
+    const DEFAULT_HOT_RELOAD: bool = false;
+
     std::env::var("HORNBEAM_HOT")
         .map(|env_var| {
             if let Ok(i) = env_var.parse::<u32>() {
@@ -126,9 +135,9 @@ pub fn is_hot_reload_enabled() -> bool {
                 return false;
             }
             eprintln!("Not sure how to interpret HORNBEAM_HOT={env_var:?}, assuming yes.");
-            return true;
+            true
         })
-        .unwrap_or(true)
+        .unwrap_or(DEFAULT_HOT_RELOAD)
 }
 
 #[cfg(not(feature = "hot_reload"))]

hornbeam/src/interpreted/hot_reload.rs

@@ -6,11 +6,13 @@ use axum::{Extension, Router};
 use hornbeam_interpreter::localisation::fluent::FluentLocalisationSystem;
 use hornbeam_interpreter::LoadedTemplates;
 use notify::{Event, EventKind, RecursiveMode, Watcher};
+use std::error::Error;
 use std::net::SocketAddr;
 use std::path::PathBuf;
 use std::sync::mpsc::RecvTimeoutError;
 use std::sync::{Arc, Mutex};
 use std::time::{Duration, Instant};
+use tokio::net::TcpListener;
 use tokio::sync::oneshot;
 
 pub(crate) fn start_hot_reloader(
@@ -56,7 +58,7 @@ pub(crate) fn start_hot_reloader(
             let default_locale = default_locale;
 
             loop {
-                let _ = notif_rx.recv().unwrap();
+                notif_rx.recv().unwrap();
 
                 // Debounce, because editors often make a series of modifications and we don't
                 // want to reload before it's ready.
@@ -100,14 +102,17 @@ pub(crate) fn start_auto_hot_reloader() -> WaiterList {
         .layer(Extension(waiter_list.clone()));
 
     let addr = SocketAddr::from(([127, 0, 0, 1], 7015));
-    eprintln!("Hornbeam Auto Hot Reload: Listening on http://{}", addr);
 
     tokio::spawn(async move {
-        if let Err(e) = axum::Server::bind(&addr)
-            .serve(app.into_make_service())
-            .await
-        {
-            eprintln!("Hornbeam Auto Hot Reload failed: {e:?}");
+        let result: Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> = async move {
+            let listener = TcpListener::bind(addr).await?;
+            eprintln!("Hornbeam Auto Hot Reload: Listening on http://{}", addr);
+            axum::serve(listener, app).await?;
+            Ok(())
+        }
+        .await;
+        if let Err(e) = result {
+            eprintln!("Hornbeam Auto Hot Reload failed: {e}");
         }
     });
 

hornbeam/src/lib.rs

@@ -17,3 +17,7 @@ pub use interpreted::{
     is_hot_reload_enabled, lazy_static, new_template_manager, Params, TemplateError,
     TemplateManager,
 };
+
+#[cfg(feature = "formbeam")]
+#[cfg(feature = "interpreted")]
+pub use hornbeam_interpreter::formbeam_integration::ReflectedForm;

hornbeam_grammar/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 [package]
 name = "hornbeam_grammar"
-version = "0.0.1"
+description = "Grammar for the Hornbeam template language"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-or-later"
+version = "0.0.5"
 edition = "2021"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

hornbeam_grammar/src/ast.rs

@@ -4,17 +4,27 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub struct Template {
+    pub param_defs: Option<Vec<ParameterDefinition>>,
     pub blocks: Vec<Block>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+pub struct ParameterDefinition {
+    pub name: IStr,
+    pub loc: Locator,
+    pub default: Option<Expression>,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub enum Block {
     HtmlElement(HtmlElement),
     ComponentElement(ComponentElement),
+    SetStatement(SetStatement),
     IfBlock(IfBlock),
     ForBlock(ForBlock),
     MatchBlock(MatchBlock),
     Text(StringExpr),
+    RawUnescapedHtml(StringExpr),
     DefineExpandSlot(DefineExpandSlot),
     DefineFragment(DefineFragment),
 }
@@ -25,10 +35,15 @@ pub struct HtmlElement {
     pub children: Vec<Block>,
     pub classes: Vec<IStr>,
     pub dom_id: Option<IStr>,
-    pub attributes: BTreeMap<IStr, Expression>,
+    pub attributes: BTreeMap<IStr, (Expression, ElementAttributeFlags)>,
     pub loc: Locator,
 }
 
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, Serialize)]
+pub struct ElementAttributeFlags {
+    pub optional: bool,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub struct ComponentElement {
     pub name: IStr,
@@ -37,6 +52,13 @@ pub struct ComponentElement {
     pub loc: Locator,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+pub struct SetStatement {
+    pub binding: Binding,
+    pub expression: Expression,
+    pub loc: Locator,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub struct IfBlock {
     pub condition: Expression,
@@ -69,6 +91,11 @@ pub enum MatchBinding {
     /// `None =>`
     UnitVariant { name: IStr },
 
+    /// `$var`
+    /// (A fallback case)
+    /// TODO this is not implemented in the grammar yet, but is used in generated rules
+    Variable { name: IStr },
+
     /// `_ =>`
     Ignore,
 }
@@ -76,6 +103,7 @@ pub enum MatchBinding {
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub enum Binding {
     Variable(IStr),
+    Tuple(Vec<Binding>),
     Ignore,
 }
 
@@ -149,6 +177,14 @@ pub enum Expression {
         left: Box<Expression>,
         right: Box<Expression>,
     },
+    LessThan {
+        left: Box<Expression>,
+        right: Box<Expression>,
+    },
+    LessThanOrEquals {
+        left: Box<Expression>,
+        right: Box<Expression>,
+    },
 
     // Other Operators
     ListAdd {
@@ -163,6 +199,8 @@ pub enum Expression {
     IntLiteral {
         val: i64,
     },
+    BoolLiteral(bool),
+    NoneLiteral,
     StringExpr(StringExpr),
 
     // Relatives
@@ -188,4 +226,9 @@ pub enum Expression {
         args: Vec<Expression>,
         loc: Locator,
     },
+
+    Unwrap {
+        obj: Box<Expression>,
+        loc: Locator,
+    },
 }

hornbeam_grammar/src/hornbeam.pest

@@ -1,5 +1,21 @@
 //
-Hornbeam = { SOI ~ wsnl* ~ BlockContent* ~ ws* ~ EOI }
+Hornbeam = { SOI ~ wsnl* ~ PreambleList? ~ wsnl* ~ HornbeamBlockList ~ ws* ~ EOI }
+
+// Will eventually expand to other types of preamble content
+PreambleList = {
+    // accept `declare` keyword. We expect `PEEK_ALL` to be empty, but future definitions might change this.
+    PEEK_ALL ~ "declare" ~ lineEnd ~
+    // then accept the first definition. We must have at least one definition.
+    // We accept the new indentation level with the `PUSH` here
+    PEEK_ALL ~ PUSH("  "+ | "\t"+) ~ ParameterDefinition ~
+    // Now accept any number of extra definitions at the same indentation level.
+    (PEEK_ALL ~ ParameterDefinition)* ~
+    // Drop the indentation when exiting the preamble block
+    DROP
+}
+
+
+HornbeamBlockList = { BlockContent* }
 
 NewBlock = _{
 	PEEK_ALL ~ PUSH("  "+ | "\t"+) ~ BlockContent ~
@@ -10,14 +26,23 @@ BlockContent = _{
 	Element |
 	IfBlock |
 	Text |
+    RawUnescapedHtml |
 	DefineExpandSlot |
+	SetStatement |
 	ForBlock |
 	MatchBlock |
 	DefineFragment
 }
 
+// `param $x`
+// `param $x = 1 + 1`
+// TODO: type annotation: `param $x: int`
+ParameterDefinition = {
+    "param" ~ ws+ ~ "$" ~ Identifier ~ (ws* ~ "=" ~ ws* ~ Expr)? ~ lineEnd
+}
+
 Element = {
-	ElementName ~ cssClass* ~ domId? ~ (ws+ ~ MapLiteral)? ~ lineEnd ~ (NewBlock | NewSlotBlock)?
+	ElementName ~ cssClass* ~ domId? ~ (ws+ ~ AttrMapLiteral)? ~ lineEnd ~ (NewBlock | NewSlotBlock)?
 }
 
 cssClass = _{
@@ -34,6 +59,14 @@ Text = {
     String ~ lineEnd
 }
 
+RawUnescapedHtml = {
+    "raw" ~ ws+ ~ String ~ lineEnd
+}
+
+SetStatement = {
+    "set" ~ ws+ ~ Binding ~ ws+ ~ "=" ~ ws+ ~ Expr ~ lineEnd
+}
+
 IfBlock = {
 	"if" ~ ws+ ~ IfCondition ~ lineEnd ~ NewBlock ~
 	ElseBlock?
@@ -125,20 +158,21 @@ lineEnd = _{ ws_nocnl* ~ nlOrEoi ~ (ws_nocnl* ~ NEWLINE)* ~ (ws_nocnl* ~ &EOI)?
 // was: lineEnd = _{ ws_nocnl* ~ nlOrEoi ~ (!EOI ~ ws* ~ nlOrEoi)* }
 
 SingleStringContent = { (!("'" | "\\" | "$") ~ ANY)+ }
-singleString = _{ !("''") ~ "'" ~ (SingleStringContent | SEscape | SInterpol)* ~ "'" }
+singleString = _{ !("''") ~ "'" ~ (SingleStringContent | SEscape | SSimpleVarInterpol | SInterpol)* ~ "'" }
 
 DoubleStringContent = { (!("\"" | "\\" | "$") ~ ANY)+ }
-doubleString = _{ "\"" ~ (DoubleStringContent | SEscape | SInterpol)* ~ "\"" }
+doubleString = _{ "\"" ~ (DoubleStringContent | SEscape | SSimpleVarInterpol | SInterpol)* ~ "\"" }
 
 blockStringStart = _{ "''" ~ NEWLINE ~ PEEK_ALL }
 blockStringEnd = _{ NEWLINE ~ (" " | "\t")* ~ "''" }
 BlockStringContent = { (!(NEWLINE | blockStringEnd | "\\" | "$" | "@") ~ ANY)+ }
 // This rule becomes just \n later on, so it effectively strips leading indentation!
 BlockStringNewline = { !blockStringEnd ~ NEWLINE ~ PEEK_ALL }
-blockString = _{ blockStringStart ~ (BlockStringContent | SEscape | SInterpol | ParameterisedLocalisation | BlockStringNewline)* ~ blockStringEnd }
+blockString = _{ blockStringStart ~ (BlockStringContent | SEscape | SSimpleVarInterpol | SInterpol | ParameterisedLocalisation | BlockStringNewline)* ~ blockStringEnd }
 String = { blockString | singleString | doubleString | ParameterisedLocalisation }
 
 SEscape = { "\\" ~ ("\\" | "'" | "\"" | "$" | "@") }
+SSimpleVarInterpol = { "$" ~ Identifier }
 SInterpol = { "${" ~ ws* ~ Expr ~ ws* ~ "}" }
 
 
@@ -152,7 +186,7 @@ wshack = _{ (wsnc | (comment ~ &(ws* ~ Expr)))* }
 Expr = { prefix* ~ ws* ~ Term ~ ws* ~ postfix* ~ (ws* ~ infix ~ ws* ~ prefix* ~ ws* ~ Term ~ wshack ~ postfix*)* }
 
 // INFIX
-infix =  _{ add | sub | mul | div | pow | modulo | listAdd | equals | band | bor }
+infix =  _{ add | sub | mul | div | pow | modulo | listAdd | equals | notEquals | greaterThanOrEqual | lessThanOrEqual | greaterThan | lessThan | band | bor }
 add = { "+" }
 sub = { "-" }
 mul = { "*" }
@@ -161,6 +195,11 @@ pow = { "^" }
 modulo = { "%" }
 listAdd = { "++" }
 equals = { "==" }
+notEquals = { "!=" }
+greaterThan = { ">" }
+lessThan = { "<" }
+greaterThanOrEqual = { ">=" }
+lessThanOrEqual = { "<=" }
 
 // BUG: these should have forced whitespace at the start!
 // (lookbehind wouldn't be the worst feature in the world for a parser grammar!)
@@ -174,40 +213,52 @@ bnot = { "not" ~ ws+ }
 
 // POSTFIX
 postfix =  _{ unwrap | MethodCall | FieldLookup | Indexing }
-unwrap = { "?" } // Not sure I'm convinced about this one, but we can think about it.
+unwrap = { "!" } // Not sure I'm convinced about this one, but we can think about it.
 // Note that functions aren't first-class; we don't allow you to 'call' an arbitrary term.
 // This is probably for the best since we might have multiple backends for the templating.
 MethodCall = { "." ~ ws* ~ Identifier ~ "(" ~ commaSeparatedExprs ~ ")" }
 FieldLookup = { "." ~ ws* ~ Identifier }
 Indexing = { "[" ~ ws* ~ Expr ~ ws* ~ "]" }
 
-Term =  _{ (IntLiteral | bracketedTerm | FunctionCall | ListLiteral | MapLiteral | String | Variable) }
+Term =  _{ (IntLiteral | bracketedTerm | FunctionCall | ListLiteral | MapLiteral | String | Variable | NoneLiteral | TrueLiteral | FalseLiteral) }
 
 bracketedTerm = _{ "(" ~ Expr ~ ")" }
 
-
+NoneLiteral = { "None" }
+TrueLiteral = { "true" }
+FalseLiteral = { "false" }
 IntLiteral =  @{ (ASCII_NONZERO_DIGIT ~ ASCII_DIGIT+ | ASCII_DIGIT) }
-Identifier = { (ASCII_ALPHA | "_") ~ (ASCII_ALPHANUMERIC | "_")* }
+// `-` is important in identifiers for `kebab-case` HTML element attributes
+// We could consider splitting this out into its own kind of identifier but let's not bother now.
+Identifier = { (ASCII_ALPHA | "_") ~ (ASCII_ALPHANUMERIC | "_" | "-")* }
 commaSeparatedExprs = _{ wsnl* ~ (Expr ~ wsnl* ~ ("," ~ wsnl* ~ Expr ~ wsnl*)* ~ ("," ~ wsnl*)?)? }
 FunctionCall = { Identifier ~ "(" ~ commaSeparatedExprs ~ ")" }
 Variable = { "$" ~ Identifier }
 
 ListLiteral = { "[" ~ commaSeparatedExprs ~  "]" }
 
+// Basic key-value pairs forming a map literal {a = .., b = ..}.
 KVPair = { Identifier ~ wsnl* ~ "=" ~ wsnl* ~ Expr }
 KVarShorthand = { Variable }
 commaSeparatedKVPairs = _{ wsnl* ~ ((KVPair | KVarShorthand) ~ wsnl* ~ ("," ~ wsnl* ~ (KVPair | KVarShorthand) ~ wsnl*)* ~ ("," ~ wsnl*)?)? }
 MapLiteral = { "{" ~ commaSeparatedKVPairs ~ "}" }
 
-
+// Element attribute key-value pairs
+// These can have extra features not found in the basic map literals
+AttrKVPairOptionalMarker = { "?" }
+AttrKVPair = { Identifier ~ AttrKVPairOptionalMarker? ~ wsnl* ~ "=" ~ wsnl* ~ Expr }
+AttrKVarShorthand = { Variable ~ AttrKVPairOptionalMarker? }
+commaSeparatedAttrKVPairs = _{ wsnl* ~ ((AttrKVPair | AttrKVarShorthand) ~ wsnl* ~ ("," ~ wsnl* ~ (AttrKVPair | AttrKVarShorthand) ~ wsnl*)* ~ ("," ~ wsnl*)?)? }
+AttrMapLiteral = { "{" ~ commaSeparatedAttrKVPairs ~ "}" }
 
 
 // As in a let binding or for binding.
 // More options in the future, but for now you just get one identifier and that's it!
 Binding = {
-    VarBinding | IgnoreBinding
+    VarBinding | TupleBinding | IgnoreBinding
 }
 VarBinding = { "$" ~ Identifier }
+TupleBinding = { "(" ~ Binding ~ "," ~ ws* ~ (Binding ~ "," ~ ws*)+ ~ (Binding)? ~ ")" }
 IgnoreBinding = { "_" }
 
 LocalisationIdentifier = @{ ASCII_ALPHA ~ (ASCII_ALPHANUMERIC | "_" | "-")+ }

hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
-#![allow(non_snake_case)]
+#![allow(non_snake_case, clippy::result_large_err)]
 
 use crate::ast::{
-    Binding, Block, ComponentElement, DefineExpandSlot, DefineFragment, Expression, ForBlock,
-    HtmlElement, IfBlock, MatchBinding, MatchBlock, StringExpr, StringPiece, Template,
+    Binding, Block, ComponentElement, DefineExpandSlot, DefineFragment, ElementAttributeFlags,
+    Expression, ForBlock, HtmlElement, IfBlock, MatchBinding, MatchBlock, ParameterDefinition,
+    SetStatement, StringExpr, StringPiece, Template,
 };
 use crate::{intern, IStr, Locator};
 use lazy_static::lazy_static;
@@ -42,7 +43,12 @@ fn error<R: Copy + Debug + Hash + Ord>(msg: &str, span: Span) -> PCError<R> {
 lazy_static! {
     static ref PRATT_PARSER: PrattParser<Rule> = PrattParser::new()
         .op(Op::infix(Rule::band, Assoc::Left) | Op::infix(Rule::bor, Assoc::Left))
-        .op(Op::infix(Rule::equals, Assoc::Left))
+        .op(Op::infix(Rule::equals, Assoc::Left)
+            | Op::infix(Rule::notEquals, Assoc::Left)
+            | Op::infix(Rule::lessThan, Assoc::Left)
+            | Op::infix(Rule::greaterThan, Assoc::Left)
+            | Op::infix(Rule::greaterThanOrEqual, Assoc::Left)
+            | Op::infix(Rule::lessThanOrEqual, Assoc::Left))
         .op(Op::infix(Rule::add, Assoc::Left) | Op::infix(Rule::sub, Assoc::Left))
         .op(Op::infix(Rule::mul, Assoc::Left) | Op::infix(Rule::div, Assoc::Left))
         .op(Op::infix(Rule::pow, Assoc::Right))
@@ -55,8 +61,51 @@ lazy_static! {
 #[pest_consume::parser]
 impl HornbeamParser {
     fn Hornbeam(input: Node) -> PCResult<Template> {
-        let blocks = HornbeamParser::helper_blocks(input.into_children())?;
-        Ok(Template { blocks })
+        Ok(match_nodes!(input.into_children();
+            [PreambleList(param_defs), HornbeamBlockList(blocks), EOI(_)] => {
+                Template { param_defs, blocks }
+            },
+            [HornbeamBlockList(blocks), EOI(_)] => {
+                Template { param_defs: None, blocks }
+            }
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn PreambleList(input: Node) -> PCResult<Option<Vec<ParameterDefinition>>> {
+        let param_defs: Vec<ParameterDefinition> = match_nodes!(input.into_children();
+            [ParameterDefinition(param_defs)..] => param_defs.collect()
+        );
+        // Templates with no parameter definitions are treated as untyped.
+        // (Mostly for backwards compat)
+        Ok(if param_defs.is_empty() {
+            None
+        } else {
+            Some(param_defs)
+        })
+    }
+
+    fn ParameterDefinition(input: Node) -> PCResult<ParameterDefinition> {
+        let loc = nodeloc(&input);
+        Ok(match_nodes!(input.into_children();
+            [Identifier(name), Expr(default)] => {
+                ParameterDefinition {
+                    name,
+                    loc,
+                    default: Some(default),
+                }
+            },
+            [Identifier(name)] => {
+                ParameterDefinition {
+                    name,
+                    loc,
+                    default: None,
+                }
+            },
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn HornbeamBlockList(input: Node) -> PCResult<Vec<Block>> {
+        HornbeamParser::helper_blocks(input.into_children())
     }
 
     fn Element(input: Node) -> PCResult<Block> {
@@ -72,7 +121,7 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
         let mut supply_slots = Vec::new();
         let mut blocks = Vec::new();
 
-        while let Some(next) = children.next() {
+        for next in children {
             match next.as_rule() {
                 Rule::CssClass => {
                     classes.push(HornbeamParser::CssClass(next)?);
@@ -83,8 +132,8 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
                 Rule::SupplySlot => {
                     supply_slots.push(HornbeamParser::SupplySlot(next)?);
                 }
-                Rule::MapLiteral => {
-                    attributes = HornbeamParser::MapLiteral(next)?;
+                Rule::AttrMapLiteral => {
+                    attributes = HornbeamParser::AttrMapLiteral(next)?;
                 }
                 _ => {
                     if let Some(block) = HornbeamParser::helper_block(next)? {
@@ -108,6 +157,20 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
                 loc,
             })
         } else {
+            let attributes: PCResult<BTreeMap<IStr, Expression>> = attributes
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|(k, (v, attrs))| {
+                    if attrs.optional {
+                        Err(error(
+                            "Optional arguments to components are currently unsupported",
+                            span,
+                        ))
+                    } else {
+                        Ok((k, v))
+                    }
+                })
+                .collect();
+            let attributes = attributes?;
             if !supply_slots.is_empty() {
                 let mut slots = BTreeMap::new();
                 for (slot_name, slot_content_blocks, _slot_span) in supply_slots {
@@ -197,11 +260,26 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
         )?))
     }
 
+    fn RawUnescapedHtml(input: Node) -> PCResult<Block> {
+        Ok(Block::RawUnescapedHtml(HornbeamParser::String(
+            input.into_children().single()?,
+        )?))
+    }
+
     fn String(input: Node) -> PCResult<StringExpr> {
         let mut pieces = Vec::new();
         for node in input.into_children() {
+            let loc = nodeloc(&node);
             match node.as_rule() {
                 Rule::SEscape => pieces.push(StringPiece::Literal(HornbeamParser::SEscape(node)?)),
+                Rule::SSimpleVarInterpol => {
+                    let var_identifier =
+                        HornbeamParser::Identifier(node.into_children().single()?)?;
+                    pieces.push(StringPiece::Interpolation(Expression::Variable {
+                        name: var_identifier,
+                        loc,
+                    }));
+                }
                 Rule::SInterpol => pieces.push(StringPiece::Interpolation(HornbeamParser::Expr(
                     node.into_children().single()?,
                 )?)),
@@ -258,6 +336,52 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
             .collect()
     }
 
+    fn AttrKVPair(input: Node) -> PCResult<(IStr, (Expression, ElementAttributeFlags))> {
+        Ok(match_nodes!(input.into_children();
+            [Identifier(key), Expr(value)] => (key, (value, ElementAttributeFlags {
+                optional: false
+            })),
+            [Identifier(key), AttrKVPairOptionalMarker(_), Expr(value)] => (key, (value, ElementAttributeFlags {
+                optional: true
+            })),
+        ))
+    }
+
+    fn AttrKVPairOptionalMarker(input: Node) -> PCResult<()> {
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    fn AttrKVarShorthand(input: Node) -> PCResult<(IStr, (Expression, ElementAttributeFlags))> {
+        let (var_expr, optional) = match_nodes!(input.into_children();
+            [Variable(var_expr), AttrKVPairOptionalMarker(_)] => {
+                (var_expr, true)
+            },
+            [Variable(var_expr)] => {
+                (var_expr, false)
+            },
+        );
+        if let Expression::Variable { name, .. } = &var_expr {
+            Ok((name.clone(), (var_expr, ElementAttributeFlags { optional })))
+        } else {
+            unreachable!("Variable should also be returned from Variable");
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn AttrMapLiteral(
+        input: Node,
+    ) -> PCResult<BTreeMap<IStr, (Expression, ElementAttributeFlags)>> {
+        input
+            .into_children()
+            .map(|node| match node.as_rule() {
+                Rule::AttrKVPair => HornbeamParser::AttrKVPair(node),
+                Rule::AttrKVarShorthand => HornbeamParser::AttrKVarShorthand(node),
+                other => {
+                    unimplemented!("unexpected {other:?} in AttrMapLiteral");
+                }
+            })
+            .collect()
+    }
+
     fn SEscape(input: Node) -> PCResult<IStr> {
         let esc = input.as_str();
         Ok(match esc {
@@ -279,6 +403,9 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
                 let node = Node::new_with_user_data(primary, ud.clone());
                 Ok(match node.as_rule() {
                 Rule::IntLiteral => Expression::IntLiteral { val: node.as_str().parse().map_err(|e| error(&format!("can't parse int: {e:?}"), node.as_span()))? },
+                Rule::NoneLiteral => Expression::NoneLiteral,
+                Rule::TrueLiteral => Expression::BoolLiteral(true),
+                Rule::FalseLiteral => Expression::BoolLiteral(false),
                 Rule::String => Expression::StringExpr(HornbeamParser::String(node)?),
                 Rule::Variable => HornbeamParser::Variable(node)?,
                 Rule::FunctionCall => HornbeamParser::FunctionCall(node)?,
@@ -294,6 +421,11 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
                 Rule::mul => Expression::Mul { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) },
                 Rule::div => Expression::Div { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) },
                 Rule::equals => Expression::Equals { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) },
+                Rule::notEquals => Expression::BNot { sub: Box::new(Expression::Equals { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) }) },
+                Rule::lessThan => Expression::LessThan { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) },
+                Rule::lessThanOrEqual => Expression::LessThanOrEquals { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) },
+                Rule::greaterThan => Expression::BNot { sub: Box::new(Expression::LessThanOrEquals { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) }) },
+                Rule::greaterThanOrEqual => Expression::BNot { sub: Box::new(Expression::LessThan { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) }) },
                 Rule::bor => Expression::BOr { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) },
                 Rule::band => Expression::BAnd { left: Box::new(lhs?), right: Box::new(rhs?) },
                 other => unimplemented!("unimp infix {other:?}!"),
@@ -302,7 +434,9 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
                 let node = Node::new_with_user_data(op, ud.clone());
                 let loc = nodeloc(&node);
                 Ok(match node.as_rule() {
-                Rule::unwrap => unimplemented!("unimp unwrap"),
+                Rule::unwrap => {
+                    Expression::Unwrap { obj: Box::new(lhs?), loc }
+                },
                 Rule::FieldLookup => {
                     let ident = intern(node.into_children().single()?.as_str());
                     Expression::FieldLookup { obj: Box::new(lhs?), ident, loc }
@@ -329,6 +463,22 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
         ))
     }
 
+    fn SetStatement(input: Node) -> PCResult<Block> {
+        let loc = nodeloc(&input);
+
+        let (binding, expression) = match_nodes!(input.into_children();
+            [Binding(binding), Expr(expression)] => {
+                (binding, expression)
+            },
+        );
+
+        Ok(Block::SetStatement(SetStatement {
+            binding,
+            expression,
+            loc,
+        }))
+    }
+
     fn IfCondition(input: Node) -> PCResult<Expression> {
         Self::Expr(input.into_children().single()?)
     }
@@ -422,6 +572,7 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
         Ok(match_nodes!(input.into_children();
             [VarBinding(b)] => b,
             [IgnoreBinding(b)] => b,
+            [TupleBinding(b)] => b,
         ))
     }
 
@@ -434,6 +585,14 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
         Ok(Binding::Ignore)
     }
 
+    fn TupleBinding(input: Node) -> PCResult<Binding> {
+        Ok(match_nodes!(input.into_children();
+            [Binding(bs)..] => {
+                Binding::Tuple(bs.collect())
+            }
+        ))
+    }
+
     fn EmptyForBlock(input: Node) -> PCResult<Vec<Block>> {
         HornbeamParser::helper_blocks(input.into_children())
     }
@@ -459,10 +618,12 @@ impl HornbeamParser {
         Ok(result)
     }
 
-    fn helper_block<'a>(input: Node) -> PCResult<Option<Block>> {
+    fn helper_block(input: Node) -> PCResult<Option<Block>> {
         Ok(match input.as_rule() {
             Rule::Element => Some(HornbeamParser::Element(input)?),
             Rule::Text => Some(HornbeamParser::Text(input)?),
+            Rule::RawUnescapedHtml => Some(HornbeamParser::RawUnescapedHtml(input)?),
+            Rule::SetStatement => Some(HornbeamParser::SetStatement(input)?),
             Rule::IfBlock => Some(HornbeamParser::IfBlock(input)?),
             Rule::ForBlock => Some(HornbeamParser::ForBlock(input)?),
             Rule::MatchBlock => Some(HornbeamParser::MatchBlock(input)?),
@@ -503,6 +664,23 @@ div
         .unwrap());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn param_defs() {
+        assert_yaml_snapshot!(parse_template(
+            r#"
+declare
+    // We need form information
+    param $form
+
+    // Also wouldn't hurt to have a default value on this other parameter
+
+    param $user = None
+        "#,
+            "inp"
+        )
+        .unwrap());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn supply_slots_to_components_only() {
         assert_debug_snapshot!(parse_template(
@@ -638,4 +816,17 @@ div
         )
         .unwrap());
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn raw() {
+        assert_yaml_snapshot!(parse_template(
+            r#"
+div
+    span
+        raw "<u>wow $x ${$x} @wowage{}</u>"
+            "#,
+            "inp"
+        )
+        .unwrap());
+    }
 }

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__for_blocks.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\nfor $x in $xs\n    for $y in $ys\n        \"Woot\"\n    empty\n        \"no ys\"\nempty\n    \"no xs\"\n    \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - ForBlock:
       binding:
@@ -44,4 +45,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 2
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__fragments_and_slots.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\ndiv\n    fragment BobbyDazzler\n        span\n            \"Wow!\"\n    fragment MainPart\n        slot :main\n        div\n            optional slot :footer\n        \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - HtmlElement:
       name: div
@@ -64,4 +65,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 2
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__if_blocks-2.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\nif 1 + 1 == 2\n  div\n    \"Phew, safe!\"\nelse if 1 + 2 - 1 == 3 // not too far off, I suppose\n  Warning\n    \"Not quite, but fairly close. What kind of world is this?\"\nelse // peculiar.\n  \"Not even close, eh?\"\n        \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - IfBlock:
       condition:
@@ -76,4 +77,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 2
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__if_blocks.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\nif 10 / 2 == 5 or $point.x == 42 // div for a div?\n    div\n        \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - IfBlock:
       condition:
@@ -54,4 +55,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 2
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__localisation.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\ndiv\n    span\n        @header-wow\n    MainBody\n        ''\n        @body-welcome\n        @body-msg{count = $messages.len()}\n        ''\n    Footer\n        @footer-copyright{year = today().year}\n        \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - HtmlElement:
       name: div
@@ -90,4 +91,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 2
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__match_blocks.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\nif $x\n    match $y\n        None =>\n            \"None\"\n        Some($z) =>\n            \"Some(${$z})\"\n    \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - IfBlock:
       condition:
@@ -50,4 +51,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 2
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__param_defs.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
+expression: "parse_template(r#\"\ndeclare\n    // We need form information\n    param $form\n\n    // Also wouldn't hurt to have a default value on this other parameter\n\n    param $user = None\n        \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
+---
+param_defs:
+  - name: form
+    loc:
+      filename: inp
+      line: 4
+      column: 5
+    default: ~
+  - name: user
+    loc:
+      filename: inp
+      line: 8
+      column: 5
+    default: NoneLiteral
+blocks: []

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__raw.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
+expression: "parse_template(r#\"\ndiv\n    span\n        raw \"<u>wow $x ${$x} @wowage{}</u>\"\n            \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
+---
+param_defs: ~
+blocks:
+  - HtmlElement:
+      name: div
+      children:
+        - HtmlElement:
+            name: span
+            children:
+              - RawUnescapedHtml:
+                  pieces:
+                    - Literal: "<u>wow "
+                    - Interpolation:
+                        Variable:
+                          name: x
+                          loc:
+                            filename: inp
+                            line: 4
+                            column: 21
+                    - Literal: " "
+                    - Interpolation:
+                        Variable:
+                          name: x
+                          loc:
+                            filename: inp
+                            line: 4
+                            column: 26
+                    - Literal: " @wowage{}</u>"
+            classes: []
+            dom_id: ~
+            attributes: {}
+            loc:
+              filename: inp
+              line: 3
+              column: 5
+      classes: []
+      dom_id: ~
+      attributes: {}
+      loc:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__simple_parses_correct.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\n// This is a simple Hornbeam template that just shows a <div>\ndiv\n        \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - HtmlElement:
       name: div
@@ -13,4 +14,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 3
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__string_interpolations_nested.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\nMyComponent\n    :someslot\n        ''\n        ${\"abc\" + \"def${ 1 + 1 }\"}\n        Not too bad now.\n        ''\n        \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - ComponentElement:
       name: MyComponent
@@ -34,4 +35,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 2
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_grammar/src/snapshots/hornbeam_grammar__parser__tests__supply_slots_to_components_only-2.snap

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 source: hornbeam_grammar/src/parser.rs
 expression: "parse_template(r#\"\nMyComponent\n    :someslot\n        \"That's better!\"\n        \"#,\n        \"inp\").unwrap()"
 ---
+param_defs: ~
 blocks:
   - ComponentElement:
       name: MyComponent
@@ -15,4 +16,3 @@ blocks:
         filename: inp
         line: 2
         column: 1
-

hornbeam_interpreter/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
 [package]
 name = "hornbeam_interpreter"
-version = "0.0.1"
+description = "Interpreter for the Hornbeam template language. This is the low-level implementation crate; not advised for direct use in applications."
+license = "AGPL-3.0-or-later"
+version = "0.0.5"
 edition = "2021"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-hornbeam_grammar = { version = "0.0.1", path = "../hornbeam_grammar" }
-hornbeam_ir = { version = "0.0.1", path = "../hornbeam_ir" }
+hornbeam_grammar = { version = "0.0.5", path = "../hornbeam_grammar" }
+hornbeam_ir = { version = "0.0.5", path = "../hornbeam_ir" }
 
 fluent-templates = { version = "0.8.0", optional = true }
-bevy_reflect = { version = "0.11.0" }
+bevy_reflect.workspace = true
 html-escape = "0.2.13"
+formbeam = { version = "0.0.5", path = "../formbeam", optional = true }
 
 walkdir = "2.3.2"
 
@@ -23,7 +26,12 @@ itertools = "0.10.5"
 pollster = "0.3.0"
 
 tracing = "0.1.37"
+percent-encoding = "2.2.0"
 
 [features]
 default = ["fluent"]
-fluent = ["fluent-templates"]
+fluent = ["dep:fluent-templates"]
+formbeam = ["dep:formbeam"]
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+insta = "1.38.0"

hornbeam_interpreter/src/engine.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use crate::functions::TemplateAccessibleMethod;
 use crate::interface::{LocalisationSystem, OutputSystem};
 use crate::InterpreterError;
 use async_recursion::async_recursion;
@@ -5,7 +6,7 @@ use bevy_reflect::{FromReflect, Reflect, ReflectRef, VariantType};
 use fluent_templates::lazy_static::lazy_static;
 use hornbeam_grammar::ast::{Binding, MatchBinding};
 use hornbeam_grammar::Locator;
-use hornbeam_ir::ir::{Expression, Step, StepDef, StringPiece};
+use hornbeam_ir::ir::{Expression, Step, StepDef, StringPiece, TemplateFunction};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use std::any::TypeId;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
@@ -27,11 +28,12 @@ pub(crate) struct Scope<'a> {
 
 pub(crate) struct Interpreter<'a, O, LS> {
     pub(crate) entrypoint: String,
-    pub(crate) program: &'a BTreeMap<String, Arc<Vec<Step>>>,
+    pub(crate) program: &'a BTreeMap<String, Arc<TemplateFunction>>,
     pub(crate) output: O,
     pub(crate) localisation: Arc<LS>,
     pub(crate) locale: String,
     pub(crate) scopes: Vec<Scope<'a>>,
+    pub(crate) methods: &'a BTreeMap<String, TemplateAccessibleMethod>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -50,7 +52,13 @@ impl Value {
             Value::Int(_) => "Int",
             Value::Bool(_) => "Bool",
             Value::List(_) => "List",
-            Value::Reflective(reflective) => reflective.type_name(),
+            // TODO get rid of unwraps
+            Value::Reflective(reflective) => reflective
+                .get_represented_type_info()
+                .unwrap()
+                .type_path_table()
+                .ident()
+                .unwrap(),
         })
     }
 }
@@ -59,6 +67,7 @@ lazy_static! {
     static ref U8_TYPEID: TypeId = TypeId::of::<u8>();
     static ref U16_TYPEID: TypeId = TypeId::of::<u16>();
     static ref U32_TYPEID: TypeId = TypeId::of::<u32>();
+    static ref U64_TYPEID: TypeId = TypeId::of::<u64>();
     static ref I8_TYPEID: TypeId = TypeId::of::<i8>();
     static ref I16_TYPEID: TypeId = TypeId::of::<i16>();
     static ref I32_TYPEID: TypeId = TypeId::of::<i32>();
@@ -80,6 +89,16 @@ impl Value {
             Value::Int(u16::from_reflect(reflect.deref()).unwrap() as i64)
         } else if ti == *U32_TYPEID {
             Value::Int(u32::from_reflect(reflect.deref()).unwrap() as i64)
+        } else if ti == *U64_TYPEID {
+            // If we can, convert it to a native i64 value
+            // If we can't (because it's bigger than i64::MAX),
+            // then we have no choice but to leave it as a reflective value... :/
+            // TODO I really don't like this but my hands are tied...
+            let value_u64 = u64::from_reflect(reflect.deref()).unwrap();
+            match i64::try_from(value_u64) {
+                Ok(value_i64) => Value::Int(value_i64),
+                Err(_cant) => Value::Reflective(reflect),
+            }
         } else if ti == *I8_TYPEID {
             Value::Int(i8::from_reflect(reflect.deref()).unwrap() as i64)
         } else if ti == *I16_TYPEID {
@@ -110,6 +129,69 @@ impl Clone for Value {
     }
 }
 
+pub(crate) struct Binder {
+    variables_to_unbind: Vec<String>,
+}
+
+impl Binder {
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Binder {
+            variables_to_unbind: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn bind(
+        &mut self,
+        variables: &mut BTreeMap<String, Value>,
+        binding: &Binding,
+        value: Value,
+    ) {
+        match binding {
+            Binding::Variable(var_name) => {
+                let var_name = String::from(var_name as &str);
+                variables.insert(var_name.clone(), value);
+                self.variables_to_unbind.push(var_name);
+            }
+            Binding::Tuple(field_bindings) => {
+                match value {
+                    Value::Str(_) | Value::Int(_) | Value::Bool(_) | Value::List(_) => {
+                        // Error binding
+                        todo!()
+                    }
+                    Value::Reflective(reflective) => match reflective.reflect_ref() {
+                        ReflectRef::Tuple(tuple) => {
+                            if tuple.field_len() != field_bindings.len() {
+                                // Error binding
+                                todo!();
+                            }
+                            for (field_idx, field_binding) in field_bindings.iter().enumerate() {
+                                self.bind(
+                                    variables,
+                                    field_binding,
+                                    Value::from_reflect(
+                                        tuple.field(field_idx).unwrap().clone_value(),
+                                    ),
+                                );
+                            }
+                        }
+                        _ => {
+                            // Error binding
+                            todo!()
+                        }
+                    },
+                }
+            }
+            Binding::Ignore => {}
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn unbind(self, variables: &mut BTreeMap<String, Value>) {
+        for var_name in self.variables_to_unbind {
+            variables.remove(&var_name);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpreter<'a, O, LS> {
     #[async_recursion]
     pub async fn run_steps(
@@ -140,7 +222,7 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                         .map_err(|underlying| InterpreterError::OutputError { underlying })?;
                 } else {
                     self.output
-                        .write(&text)
+                        .write(text)
                         .await
                         .map_err(|underlying| InterpreterError::OutputError { underlying })?;
                 }
@@ -161,6 +243,20 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                     .await
                     .map_err(|underlying| InterpreterError::OutputError { underlying })?;
             }
+            StepDef::Set {
+                expression,
+                binding,
+            } => {
+                let expr_evaled = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, expression, &step.locator)?;
+
+                // Bind the expression
+                // Unlike the other places where we bind variables, we never unbind this one,
+                // since `set` is not block-scoped.
+                // (Ideally we would have slightly more careful scoping rules, but `set` is intentionally being
+                // added to allow variables to escape their respective blocks...)
+                let mut binder = Binder::new();
+                binder.bind(&mut self.scopes[scope_idx].variables, binding, expr_evaled);
+            }
             StepDef::If {
                 condition,
                 true_steps,
@@ -197,25 +293,10 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                             self.run_steps(scope_idx, empty_steps).await?;
                         } else {
                             for val in list {
-                                // TODO duplicated code
-                                match binding {
-                                    Binding::Variable(var) => {
-                                        self.scopes[scope_idx]
-                                            .variables
-                                            .insert(String::from(var as &str), val);
-                                    }
-                                    Binding::Ignore => {}
-                                }
-
+                                let mut binder = Binder::new();
+                                binder.bind(&mut self.scopes[scope_idx].variables, binding, val);
                                 self.run_steps(scope_idx, body_steps).await?;
-                            }
-
-                            // TODO duplicated code
-                            match binding {
-                                Binding::Variable(var) => {
-                                    self.scopes[scope_idx].variables.remove(var as &str);
-                                }
-                                Binding::Ignore => {}
+                                binder.unbind(&mut self.scopes[scope_idx].variables);
                             }
                         }
                     }
@@ -228,25 +309,14 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                                     // TODO(performance) I'd like to remove this clone!
                                     //                   Can possibly do so with a Yoke or something...
                                     let val = list.get(idx).expect("checked iter").clone_value();
-                                    // TODO duplicated code
-                                    match binding {
-                                        Binding::Variable(var) => {
-                                            self.scopes[scope_idx].variables.insert(
-                                                String::from(var as &str),
-                                                Value::from_reflect(val),
-                                            );
-                                        }
-                                        Binding::Ignore => {}
-                                    }
+                                    let mut binder = Binder::new();
+                                    binder.bind(
+                                        &mut self.scopes[scope_idx].variables,
+                                        binding,
+                                        Value::from_reflect(val),
+                                    );
                                     self.run_steps(scope_idx, body_steps).await?;
-                                }
-
-                                // TODO duplicated code
-                                match binding {
-                                    Binding::Variable(var) => {
-                                        self.scopes[scope_idx].variables.remove(var as &str);
-                                    }
-                                    Binding::Ignore => {}
+                                    binder.unbind(&mut self.scopes[scope_idx].variables);
                                 }
                             }
                         }
@@ -273,6 +343,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 let matchable_evaled =
                     self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, matchable, &step.locator)?;
 
+                let mut binder = Binder::new();
+
                 for (arm_binding, arm_steps) in arms {
                     // if this arm's binding matches, then bind the variable...
                     match arm_binding {
@@ -291,10 +363,10 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                                     }
                                 },
                                 _ => {
-                                    warn!(
-                                        "trying to `match` non-reflective vs {name} at {}",
-                                        step.locator
-                                    );
+                                    // warn!(
+                                    //     "trying to `match` non-reflective vs {name} at {}",
+                                    //     step.locator
+                                    // );
                                     continue;
                                 }
                             }
@@ -331,21 +403,11 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                                         for (piece, field) in
                                             pieces.iter().zip(reflenum.iter_fields())
                                         {
-                                            // TODO duplicated code. Should probably make some 'Binder' tool that also makes it easy to unbind afterwards!
-                                            match piece {
-                                                Binding::Variable(var) => {
-                                                    self.scopes[scope_idx].variables.insert(
-                                                        String::from(var as &str),
-                                                        // TODO would be nice to avoid this clone!
-                                                        Value::from_reflect(
-                                                            field.value().clone_value(),
-                                                        ),
-                                                    );
-                                                }
-                                                Binding::Ignore => {
-                                                    // nop.
-                                                }
-                                            }
+                                            binder.bind(
+                                                &mut self.scopes[scope_idx].variables,
+                                                piece,
+                                                Value::from_reflect(field.value().clone_value()),
+                                            );
                                         }
                                     }
                                     _ => {
@@ -354,14 +416,19 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                                     }
                                 },
                                 _ => {
-                                    warn!(
-                                        "trying to `match` non-reflective vs {name}(...) at {}",
-                                        step.locator
-                                    );
+                                    // warn!(
+                                    //     "trying to `match` non-reflective vs {name}(...) at {}",
+                                    //     step.locator
+                                    // );
                                     continue;
                                 }
                             }
                         }
+                        MatchBinding::Variable { name } => binder.bind(
+                            &mut self.scopes[scope_idx].variables,
+                            &Binding::Variable(name.clone()),
+                            matchable_evaled,
+                        ),
                         MatchBinding::Ignore => {
                             // always matches: no variable to bind, no conditions to check!
                         }
@@ -371,30 +438,21 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                     self.run_steps(scope_idx, arm_steps).await?;
 
                     // and then unbind the variables.
-                    match arm_binding {
-                        MatchBinding::TupleVariant { pieces, .. } => {
-                            for piece in pieces {
-                                // TODO duplicated code. Should probably make some 'Binder' tool that also makes it easy to unbind afterwards!
-                                match piece {
-                                    Binding::Variable(var) => {
-                                        self.scopes[scope_idx].variables.remove(var as &str);
-                                    }
-                                    Binding::Ignore => {
-                                        // nop.
-                                    }
-                                }
-                            }
-                        }
-                        MatchBinding::UnitVariant { .. } | MatchBinding::Ignore => {
-                            // no variables to unbind
-                        }
-                    };
+                    binder.unbind(&mut self.scopes[scope_idx].variables);
 
                     // (don't fall through to other arms since we matched this one)
                     break;
                 }
             }
             StepDef::Call { name, args, slots } => {
+                let Some(module) = self.program.get(name as &str) else {
+                    return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                        context: "Call".to_string(),
+                        conflict: format!("no entrypoint for {name:?}."),
+                        location: step.locator.clone(),
+                    });
+                };
+
                 let mut evaled_args = BTreeMap::new();
                 for (key, expr) in args {
                     evaled_args.insert(
@@ -414,23 +472,67 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                     );
                 }
 
+                // TODO check slots
+                // ...
+
+                // check params and evaluate defaults
+                if let Some(param_defs) = &module.param_defs {
+                    for param_def in param_defs {
+                        if evaled_args.contains_key(param_def.name.as_str()) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
+                        let Some(default_expr) = &param_def.default else {
+                            return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                                context: "Call".to_string(),
+                                conflict: format!(
+                                    "missing required parameter {} for {name:?}.",
+                                    param_def.name
+                                ),
+                                location: step.locator.clone(),
+                            });
+                        };
+
+                        // Push a temporary empty scope
+                        // TODO in the future allow evaluation with some scope if desired.
+                        self.scopes.push(Scope {
+                            variables: BTreeMap::new(),
+                            slots: BTreeMap::new(),
+                        });
+                        evaled_args.insert(
+                            String::from(param_def.name.as_str()),
+                            self.evaluate_expression(
+                                scope_idx + 1,
+                                default_expr,
+                                &param_def.locator,
+                            )?,
+                        );
+                        self.scopes.pop();
+                    }
+                    for supplied_param in evaled_args.keys() {
+                        if !param_defs
+                            .iter()
+                            .any(|def| def.name.as_str() == supplied_param)
+                        {
+                            return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                                context: "Call".to_string(),
+                                conflict: format!(
+                                    "provided non-existent parameter {} for {name:?}.",
+                                    supplied_param
+                                ),
+                                location: Locator::empty(),
+                            });
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
                 self.scopes.push(Scope {
                     variables: evaled_args,
                     slots: filled_in_slots,
                 });
+
                 let next_scope_idx = self.scopes.len() - 1;
 
-                let steps = if let Some(steps) = self.program.get(name as &str) {
-                    steps
-                } else {
-                    return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
-                        context: "Call".to_string(),
-                        conflict: format!("no entrypoint for {name:?}."),
-                        location: step.locator.clone(),
-                    });
-                };
-
-                self.run_steps(next_scope_idx, steps).await?;
+                self.run_steps(next_scope_idx, &module.steps).await?;
 
                 self.scopes.pop();
                 assert_eq!(self.scopes.len(), next_scope_idx);
@@ -443,7 +545,7 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                         return if !optional {
                             Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
                                 context: format!("Required slot '{name}' not filled"),
-                                conflict: format!("slot was left empty."),
+                                conflict: "slot was left empty.".to_string(),
                                 location: step.locator.clone(),
                             })
                         } else {
@@ -468,8 +570,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
     ) -> Result<Value, InterpreterError<LS::Error, O::Error>> {
         match expr {
             Expression::Add { left, right } => {
-                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &left, loc)?;
-                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &right, loc)?;
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
 
                 match (lval, rval) {
                     (Value::Int(lint), Value::Int(rint)) => Ok(Value::Int(lint + rint)),
@@ -481,8 +583,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 }
             }
             Expression::Sub { left, right } => {
-                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &left, loc)?;
-                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &right, loc)?;
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
 
                 match (lval, rval) {
                     (Value::Int(lint), Value::Int(rint)) => Ok(Value::Int(lint - rint)),
@@ -494,8 +596,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 }
             }
             Expression::Mul { left, right } => {
-                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &left, loc)?;
-                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &right, loc)?;
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
 
                 match (lval, rval) {
                     (Value::Int(lint), Value::Int(rint)) => Ok(Value::Int(lint * rint)),
@@ -507,8 +609,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 }
             }
             Expression::Div { left, right } => {
-                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &left, loc)?;
-                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &right, loc)?;
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
 
                 match (lval, rval) {
                     (Value::Int(lint), Value::Int(rint)) => Ok(Value::Int(lint / rint)),
@@ -520,7 +622,7 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 }
             }
             Expression::Negate { sub } => {
-                let sval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &sub, loc)?;
+                let sval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, sub, loc)?;
 
                 match sval {
                     Value::Int(sint) => Ok(Value::Int(-sint)),
@@ -532,8 +634,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 }
             }
             Expression::BAnd { left, right } => {
-                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &left, loc)?;
-                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &right, loc)?;
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
 
                 match (lval, rval) {
                     (Value::Bool(lbool), Value::Bool(rbool)) => Ok(Value::Bool(lbool && rbool)),
@@ -545,8 +647,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 }
             }
             Expression::BOr { left, right } => {
-                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &left, loc)?;
-                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &right, loc)?;
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
 
                 match (lval, rval) {
                     (Value::Bool(lbool), Value::Bool(rbool)) => Ok(Value::Bool(lbool || rbool)),
@@ -558,7 +660,7 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 }
             }
             Expression::BNot { sub } => {
-                let sval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &sub, loc)?;
+                let sval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, sub, loc)?;
 
                 match sval {
                     Value::Bool(sbool) => Ok(Value::Bool(!sbool)),
@@ -570,8 +672,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 }
             }
             Expression::Equals { left, right } => {
-                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &left, loc)?;
-                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &right, loc)?;
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
 
                 match (lval, rval) {
                     (Value::Bool(lbool), Value::Bool(rbool)) => Ok(Value::Bool(lbool == rbool)),
@@ -585,7 +687,9 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                                 location: loc.clone(),
                             })
                         }
-                    },
+                    }
+                    (Value::Str(lstr), Value::Str(rstr)) => Ok(Value::Bool(lstr == rstr)),
+                    // TODO List vs List. Not *that* useful but can be occasionally. But it does involve recursion.
                     (lother, rother) => Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
                         context: "Equals".to_string(),
                         conflict: format!("can't test {lother:?} and {rother:?} for equality!"),
@@ -593,9 +697,37 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                     }),
                 }
             }
+            Expression::LessThan { left, right } => {
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
+
+                match (lval, rval) {
+                    (Value::Int(lint), Value::Int(rint)) => Ok(Value::Bool(lint < rint)),
+                    (Value::Str(lstr), Value::Str(rstr)) => Ok(Value::Bool(lstr < rstr)),
+                    (lother, rother) => Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                        context: "LessThan".to_string(),
+                        conflict: format!("can't test {lother:?} < {rother:?}!"),
+                        location: loc.clone(),
+                    }),
+                }
+            }
+            Expression::LessThanOrEquals { left, right } => {
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
+
+                match (lval, rval) {
+                    (Value::Int(lint), Value::Int(rint)) => Ok(Value::Bool(lint <= rint)),
+                    (Value::Str(lstr), Value::Str(rstr)) => Ok(Value::Bool(lstr <= rstr)),
+                    (lother, rother) => Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                        context: "LessThanOrEquals".to_string(),
+                        conflict: format!("can't test {lother:?} <= {rother:?}!"),
+                        location: loc.clone(),
+                    }),
+                }
+            }
             Expression::ListAdd { left, right } => {
-                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &left, loc)?;
-                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, &right, loc)?;
+                let lval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, left, loc)?;
+                let rval = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, right, loc)?;
 
                 match (lval, rval) {
                     (Value::List(mut llist), Value::List(rlist)) => {
@@ -617,6 +749,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 Ok(Value::List(result))
             }
             Expression::IntLiteral { val } => Ok(Value::Int(*val)),
+            Expression::BoolLiteral(val) => Ok(Value::Bool(*val)),
+            Expression::NoneLiteral => Ok(Value::Reflective(Box::new(None::<()>))),
             Expression::StringExpr(sexpr) => {
                 let mut output = String::new();
                 for piece in &sexpr.pieces {
@@ -674,8 +808,34 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                     }),
                 }
             }
-            Expression::MethodCall { .. } => {
-                unimplemented!()
+            Expression::MethodCall {
+                obj,
+                ident,
+                args,
+                loc,
+            } => {
+                let Some(method) = self.methods.get(ident.as_str()) else {
+                    return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                        context: format!("method call to {ident:?}"),
+                        conflict: "No method by that name!".to_string(),
+                        location: loc.clone(),
+                    });
+                };
+
+                let obj_value = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, obj, loc)?;
+                let mut arg_values: Vec<Value> = Vec::with_capacity(args.len());
+                for arg in args {
+                    arg_values.push(self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, arg, loc)?);
+                }
+
+                match method.call(obj_value, arg_values) {
+                    Ok(result_val) => Ok(result_val),
+                    Err(method_err) => Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                        context: format!("method call to {ident:?}"),
+                        conflict: format!("method error: {method_err}"),
+                        location: loc.clone(),
+                    }),
+                }
             }
             Expression::Variable { name, loc } => {
                 let locals = &self.scopes[scope_idx].variables;
@@ -696,6 +856,54 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
             Expression::FunctionCall { .. } => {
                 unimplemented!()
             }
+            Expression::Unwrap { obj, loc } => {
+                let obj_value = self.evaluate_expression(scope_idx, obj, loc)?;
+
+                match &obj_value {
+                    Value::Reflective(reflective) => match reflective.reflect_ref() {
+                        ReflectRef::Enum(reflenum) => match reflenum.variant_name() {
+                            "Some" => {
+                                if reflenum.field_len() != 1 {
+                                    return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                                        context: "unwrap".to_owned(),
+                                        conflict: "wrong number of fields in Some".to_owned(),
+                                        location: loc.clone(),
+                                    });
+                                }
+
+                                if reflenum.variant_type() != VariantType::Tuple {
+                                    return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                                        context: "unwrap".to_owned(),
+                                        conflict: "Some is not a tuple variant".to_owned(),
+                                        location: loc.clone(),
+                                    });
+                                }
+
+                                Ok(Value::from_reflect(
+                                    reflenum.field_at(0).unwrap().clone_value(),
+                                ))
+                            }
+                            "None" => Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                                context: "unwrap".to_owned(),
+                                conflict: "tried to unwrap None".to_owned(),
+                                location: loc.clone(),
+                            }),
+                            _other => {
+                                warn!("unnecessary unwrap (!) at {loc}");
+                                Ok(obj_value)
+                            }
+                        },
+                        _other => {
+                            warn!("unnecessary unwrap (!) at {loc}");
+                            Ok(obj_value)
+                        }
+                    },
+                    _other => {
+                        warn!("unnecessary unwrap (!) at {loc}");
+                        Ok(obj_value)
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
     }
 
@@ -733,9 +941,8 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
                 // too dodgy! We might want to allow this in the future, but for now let's not.
                 Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
                     context: "String Interpolation".to_string(),
-                    conflict: format!(
-                        "Don't know how to write List[...] as a sensible string output."
-                    ),
+                    conflict: "Don't know how to write List[...] as a sensible string output."
+                        .to_string(),
                     location: loc.clone(),
                 })
             }
@@ -751,7 +958,7 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
     ) -> Result<(), InterpreterError<LS::Error, O::Error>> {
         match piece {
             StringPiece::Literal(lit) => {
-                output.push_str(&lit);
+                output.push_str(lit);
                 Ok(())
             }
             StringPiece::Interpolation(expr) => {
@@ -786,16 +993,63 @@ impl<'a, O: OutputSystem + Send, LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> Interpret
     }
 
     pub async fn run(mut self) -> Result<(), InterpreterError<LS::Error, O::Error>> {
-        let main = if let Some(main) = self.program.get(&self.entrypoint) {
-            main
-        } else {
+        let Some(main) = self.program.get(&self.entrypoint) else {
             return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
                 context: format!("No entrypoint called {:?}", self.entrypoint),
                 conflict: "".to_string(),
                 location: Locator::empty(),
             });
         };
-        self.run_steps(0, main).await?;
+        // TODO deduplicate with `Call` step
+        if let Some(param_defs) = &main.param_defs {
+            for param_def in param_defs {
+                if self.scopes[0]
+                    .variables
+                    .contains_key(param_def.name.as_str())
+                {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                let Some(default_expr) = &param_def.default else {
+                    return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                        context: "main entrypoint".to_string(),
+                        conflict: format!(
+                            "missing required parameter {} for entrypoint {:?}.",
+                            param_def.name, self.entrypoint
+                        ),
+                        location: Locator::empty(),
+                    });
+                };
+
+                // Push a temporary empty scope
+                // TODO in the future allow evaluation with some scope if desired.
+                self.scopes.push(Scope {
+                    variables: BTreeMap::new(),
+                    slots: BTreeMap::new(),
+                });
+                let value = self.evaluate_expression(1, default_expr, &param_def.locator)?;
+                self.scopes[0]
+                    .variables
+                    .insert(String::from(param_def.name.as_str()), value);
+                self.scopes.pop();
+            }
+            for supplied_param in self.scopes[0].variables.keys() {
+                if !param_defs
+                    .iter()
+                    .any(|def| def.name.as_str() == supplied_param)
+                {
+                    return Err(InterpreterError::TypeError {
+                        context: "main entrypoint".to_string(),
+                        conflict: format!(
+                            "provided non-existent parameter {} for entrypoint {:?}.",
+                            supplied_param, self.entrypoint
+                        ),
+                        location: Locator::empty(),
+                    });
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        self.run_steps(0, &main.steps).await?;
         Ok(())
     }
 }

hornbeam_interpreter/src/formbeam_integration.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
+use formbeam::{FieldValidatorInfo, FormPartial, FormPartialInfo};
+
+#[derive(Reflect)]
+pub struct ReflectedForm<P: FormPartial> {
+    pub raw: P,
+    pub errors: P::Validation,
+    pub info: InfoWrapper,
+}
+
+impl<P: FormPartial> ReflectedForm<P> {
+    pub fn new(raw: P, errors: P::Validation) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            raw,
+            errors,
+            info: InfoWrapper(Some(P::INFO)),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<P: FormPartial + Default> Default for ReflectedForm<P>
+where
+    P::Validation: Default,
+{
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::new(Default::default(), Default::default())
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Copy, Clone, Reflect)]
+// This makes the struct opaque to the reflection engine, meaning it will
+// be cloned absolutely instead of being converted to a DynamicTupleStruct.
+// However it won't implement TupleStruct. But that's fine, that's actually what we want!
+#[reflect_value]
+pub struct InfoWrapper(#[reflect(ignore)] pub(crate) Option<&'static FormPartialInfo>);
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Reflect)]
+pub enum ReflectFieldValidatorInfo {
+    MinLength(u32),
+    MaxLength(u32),
+    MinValue(i64),
+    MaxValue(i64),
+    Required,
+    Email,
+    Regex(String),
+    Custom(String),
+}
+
+impl From<&FieldValidatorInfo> for ReflectFieldValidatorInfo {
+    fn from(value: &FieldValidatorInfo) -> Self {
+        match value {
+            FieldValidatorInfo::MinLength(m) => ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::MinLength(*m),
+            FieldValidatorInfo::MaxLength(m) => ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::MaxLength(*m),
+            FieldValidatorInfo::MinValue(m) => ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::MinValue(*m),
+            FieldValidatorInfo::MaxValue(m) => ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::MaxValue(*m),
+            FieldValidatorInfo::Required => ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::Required,
+            FieldValidatorInfo::Email => ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::Email,
+            FieldValidatorInfo::Regex(s) => ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::Regex((*s).to_owned()),
+            FieldValidatorInfo::Custom(s) => ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::Custom((*s).to_owned()),
+        }
+    }
+}

hornbeam_interpreter/src/functions.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+use crate::interface::Value;
+
+pub(crate) mod defaults;
+#[cfg(feature = "formbeam")]
+pub(crate) mod formbeam_integration;
+
+/// A method that can be accessed (called) by templates.
+/// There is no dynamic dispatch for methods: the name of the method is the only thing that determines which one to call,
+/// not the type of the self-parameter.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct TemplateAccessibleMethod {
+    /// Function pointer that implements the method.
+    /// Arguments are:
+    /// - the 'self' parameter
+    /// - list of any parameters
+    ///
+    /// TODO Extend this to expose interpreter state.
+    function: fn(Value, Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String>,
+}
+
+impl TemplateAccessibleMethod {
+    pub(crate) fn call(&self, obj: Value, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+        (self.function)(obj, args)
+    }
+}

hornbeam_interpreter/src/functions/defaults.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
+
+use bevy_reflect::{ReflectRef, VariantType};
+use percent_encoding::NON_ALPHANUMERIC;
+
+use crate::interface::Value;
+
+use super::TemplateAccessibleMethod;
+
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+const DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ACCESSIBLE_METHODS: &[(
+    &str,
+    fn(Value, Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String>,
+)] = &[
+    ("leftpad", leftpad),
+    ("urlencode", urlencode),
+    ("len", len),
+    ("split", split),
+    ("unwrap_or", unwrap_or),
+    ("__get", __get),
+];
+
+/// Return a map of the default suggested template-accessible methods.
+pub fn default_template_accessible_methods() -> BTreeMap<String, TemplateAccessibleMethod> {
+    DEFAULT_TEMPLATE_ACCESSIBLE_METHODS
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(name, func)| {
+            (
+                (*name).to_owned(),
+                TemplateAccessibleMethod { function: *func },
+            )
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Left-pads a string to a given length using a given padding character.
+///
+/// `<Str>.leftpad(<Int>, <Str>) -> Str`
+pub fn leftpad(obj: Value, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    let Value::Str(string_to_pad) = obj else {
+        return Err(format!("{obj:?} is not a string: can't leftpad!"));
+    };
+    if args.len() != 2 {
+        return Err(format!(
+            "leftpad takes 2 args (length, padding character), not {}",
+            args.len()
+        ));
+    }
+    let Value::Int(pad_length) = &args[0] else {
+        return Err("leftpad's first arg should be an integer".to_owned());
+    };
+    let Value::Str(padding_character) = &args[1] else {
+        return Err(
+            "leftpad's second arg should be a string (usually a single character)".to_owned(),
+        );
+    };
+
+    if string_to_pad.len() as i64 >= *pad_length {
+        // zero-clone shortcut
+        // also required to prevent underflow!
+        return Ok(Value::Str(string_to_pad));
+    }
+
+    let repetitions = pad_length - string_to_pad.len() as i64;
+
+    let mut result = String::new();
+    for _ in 0..repetitions {
+        result.push_str(padding_character);
+    }
+    result.push_str(&string_to_pad);
+
+    Ok(Value::Str(Arc::new(result)))
+}
+
+/// URL-encodes sensitive characters in a string.
+///
+/// `<Str>.urlencode() -> Str`
+pub fn urlencode(obj: Value, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    let Value::Str(string_to_encode) = obj else {
+        return Err(format!("{obj:?} is not a string: can't urlencode!"));
+    };
+    if !args.is_empty() {
+        return Err(format!("urlencode takes 0 args, not {}", args.len()));
+    }
+
+    Ok(Value::Str(Arc::new(
+        percent_encoding::utf8_percent_encode(&string_to_encode, NON_ALPHANUMERIC).to_string(),
+    )))
+}
+
+/// Returns the length of a given string or list.
+///
+/// - `<Str>.len() -> Int`
+/// - `<List>.len() -> Int`
+pub fn len(obj: Value, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    if !args.is_empty() {
+        return Err(format!("len takes 0 args, not {}", args.len()));
+    }
+
+    Ok(Value::Int(match obj {
+        Value::Str(string) => string.len() as i64,
+        Value::List(list) => list.len() as i64,
+        Value::Reflective(reflect) => match reflect.reflect_ref() {
+            ReflectRef::List(list) => list.len() as i64,
+            ReflectRef::Array(array) => array.len() as i64,
+            ReflectRef::Map(map) => map.len() as i64,
+            _ => {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "reflective {reflect:?} is not a list or map: can't get length!"
+                ));
+            }
+        },
+        _ => {
+            return Err(format!(
+                "{obj:?} is not a string or list: can't get length!"
+            ));
+        }
+    }))
+}
+
+/// Splits a string by given delimiters.
+///
+/// `<Str>.split(<Str>) -> List of Str`
+pub fn split(obj: Value, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    if args.len() != 1 {
+        return Err(format!("split takes 1 arg, not {}", args.len()));
+    }
+
+    let Value::Str(string_to_split) = obj else {
+        return Err(format!("{obj:?} is not a string: can't split!"));
+    };
+
+    let Value::Str(delimiter) = &args[0] else {
+        return Err("first arg is not a string: can't split!".to_owned());
+    };
+
+    let result = string_to_split
+        .split(delimiter.as_str())
+        .map(|segment| Value::Str(Arc::new(segment.to_owned())))
+        .collect();
+
+    Ok(Value::List(result))
+}
+
+/// Unwraps an Option or returns the given default.
+///
+/// `<Option<T>>.unwrap_or(<T>) -> <T>`
+pub fn unwrap_or(obj: Value, mut args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    if args.len() != 1 {
+        return Err(format!("unwrap_or takes 1 arg, not {}", args.len()));
+    }
+
+    match obj {
+        Value::Reflective(reflect) => match reflect.reflect_ref() {
+            ReflectRef::Enum(reflenum) => match reflenum.variant_name() {
+                "Some" => {
+                    if reflenum.field_len() != 1 {
+                        return Err("wrong number of fields in Some".to_owned());
+                    }
+
+                    if reflenum.variant_type() != VariantType::Tuple {
+                        return Err("Some is not a tuple variant".to_owned());
+                    }
+
+                    Ok(Value::from_reflect(
+                        reflenum.field_at(0).unwrap().clone_value(),
+                    ))
+                }
+                "None" => Ok(args.pop().unwrap()),
+                other => Err(format!("`{other}` is not Some or None")),
+            },
+            _ => Err(format!("reflective {reflect:?} is not an Option")),
+        },
+        other => Err(format!("{other:?} is not an Option")),
+    }
+}
+
+/// Gets a field on an object by name.
+///
+/// `<Reflective>.__get(<Str>) -> <T>`
+pub fn __get(obj: Value, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    if args.len() != 1 {
+        return Err(format!("__get takes 1 arg, not {}", args.len()));
+    }
+    let Value::Str(ident) = &args[0] else {
+        // TODO support ints for tuple structs in the future?
+        return Err("first arg is not a string: can't __get!".to_owned());
+    };
+
+    match obj {
+        Value::Reflective(reflective) => {
+            match reflective.reflect_ref() {
+                ReflectRef::Struct(ss) => {
+                    if let Some(field) = ss.field(ident) {
+                        Ok(Value::from_reflect(field.clone_value()))
+                    } else {
+                        Err(format!("__get Field Lookup for '{ident}': {reflective:?} is a reflective struct that does not have that field!"))
+                    }
+                }
+                ReflectRef::TupleStruct(ts) => {
+                    let field_id: Result<usize, _> = ident.parse();
+                    if let Ok(field_id) = field_id {
+                        if let Some(field) = ts.field(field_id) {
+                            Ok(Value::from_reflect(field.clone_value()))
+                        } else {
+                            Err(format!("__get Field Lookup for '{ident}': {reflective:?} is a reflective tuple struct that does not have that field!"))
+                        }
+                    } else {
+                        Err(format!("__get Field Lookup for '{ident}': {reflective:?} is a reflective tuple struct that does not have names for field!"))
+                    }
+                }
+                _ => Err(format!("__get Field Lookup for '{ident}': {reflective:?} is of a reflective type that has no fields!"))
+            }
+        }
+        other => Err(format!("{other:?} is not Reflective")),
+    }
+}

hornbeam_interpreter/src/functions/formbeam_integration.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+use std::{collections::BTreeMap, sync::Arc};
+
+use formbeam::FieldError;
+
+use crate::{
+    formbeam_integration::{InfoWrapper, ReflectFieldValidatorInfo},
+    interface::Value,
+};
+
+use super::TemplateAccessibleMethod;
+
+#[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+const FORMBEAM_TEMPLATE_ACCESSIBLE_METHODS: &[(
+    &str,
+    fn(Value, Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String>,
+)] = &[
+    ("field_validators", field_validators),
+    ("error_code", error_code),
+];
+
+/// Return a map of the default suggested template-accessible methods.
+pub fn formbeam_template_accessible_methods() -> BTreeMap<String, TemplateAccessibleMethod> {
+    FORMBEAM_TEMPLATE_ACCESSIBLE_METHODS
+        .iter()
+        .map(|(name, func)| {
+            (
+                (*name).to_owned(),
+                TemplateAccessibleMethod { function: *func },
+            )
+        })
+        .collect()
+}
+
+/// Returns the validators for the given-named field.
+///
+/// - `<InfoWrapper>.field_validators(<Str>) -> ...`
+pub fn field_validators(obj: Value, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    if args.len() != 1 {
+        return Err(format!("field_validators takes 1 arg, not {}", args.len()));
+    }
+    let info_wrapper = match obj {
+        Value::Reflective(reflect) => match reflect.downcast::<InfoWrapper>() {
+            Ok(info_wrapper) => info_wrapper,
+            Err(not_an_info_wrapper) => {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "{not_an_info_wrapper:?} is reflective but not an InfoWrapper!"
+                ));
+            }
+        },
+        _ => {
+            return Err(format!("{obj:?} is not an InfoWrapper!"));
+        }
+    };
+
+    let field_name = match args.first().unwrap() {
+        Value::Str(s) => s,
+        other => {
+            return Err(format!(
+                "{other:?} is not a string so cannot be a field name!"
+            ));
+        }
+    };
+
+    let info = (*info_wrapper).0.as_ref().unwrap();
+
+    for field in info.fields {
+        if field.name == field_name.as_str() {
+            return Ok(Value::List(
+                field
+                    .validators
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|validator| {
+                        Value::from_reflect(Box::new(ReflectFieldValidatorInfo::from(validator)))
+                    })
+                    .collect(),
+            ));
+        }
+    }
+
+    Err(format!(
+        "No such field by the name of {field_name} on this form!"
+    ))
+}
+
+/// Return the 'code' of an error, suitable for passing to the localisation engine as a key.
+///
+/// - `<FieldError>.error_code() -> Str`
+pub fn error_code(obj: Value, args: Vec<Value>) -> Result<Value, String> {
+    if !args.is_empty() {
+        return Err(format!("error_code takes 0 args, not {}", args.len()));
+    }
+
+    let field_error = match obj {
+        Value::Reflective(reflect) => match reflect.downcast::<FieldError>() {
+            Ok(ferr) => ferr,
+            Err(not_an_info_wrapper) => {
+                return Err(format!(
+                    "{not_an_info_wrapper:?} is reflective but not a FieldError!"
+                ));
+            }
+        },
+        _ => {
+            return Err(format!("{obj:?} is not a FieldError!"));
+        }
+    };
+
+    Ok(Value::Str(Arc::new(field_error.error_code().to_owned())))
+}
+
+// TODO error_args

hornbeam_interpreter/src/interface.rs

@@ -1,9 +1,10 @@
 use crate::engine::{Interpreter, Scope};
+use crate::functions::TemplateAccessibleMethod;
 use async_trait::async_trait;
 use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
 use hornbeam_grammar::parse_template;
 use hornbeam_ir::ast_to_optimised_ir;
-use hornbeam_ir::ir::Step;
+use hornbeam_ir::ir::TemplateFunction;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::convert::Infallible;
@@ -38,12 +39,16 @@ pub trait OutputSystem {
 
 // Value is currently used in the localisation system. We might pull it away later on...
 pub use crate::engine::Value;
-use crate::InterpreterError;
+#[cfg(feature = "formbeam")]
+use crate::formbeam_template_accessible_methods;
+use crate::{default_template_accessible_methods, InterpreterError};
 
 pub struct LoadedTemplates<LS> {
     // todo might be tempted to use e.g. ouroboros here, to keep the file source adjacent?
     // or do we just staticify?
-    template_functions: BTreeMap<String, Arc<Vec<Step>>>,
+    template_functions: BTreeMap<String, Arc<TemplateFunction>>,
+
+    methods: Arc<BTreeMap<String, TemplateAccessibleMethod>>,
 
     localisation: Arc<LS>,
 }
@@ -63,12 +68,26 @@ impl Params {
 
 impl<'a, LS> LoadedTemplates<LS> {
     pub fn new(localisation_system: LS) -> Self {
+        #[allow(unused_mut)]
+        let mut methods = default_template_accessible_methods();
+        #[cfg(feature = "formbeam")]
+        methods.extend(formbeam_template_accessible_methods());
         LoadedTemplates {
             template_functions: Default::default(),
+            methods: Arc::new(methods),
             localisation: Arc::new(localisation_system),
         }
     }
 
+    pub fn add_methods(
+        &mut self,
+        methods: impl IntoIterator<Item = (String, TemplateAccessibleMethod)>,
+    ) {
+        let registered_methods = Arc::make_mut(&mut self.methods);
+
+        registered_methods.extend(methods);
+    }
+
     pub fn unload_template(&mut self, template_name: &str) -> bool {
         let was_removed = self.template_functions.remove(template_name).is_some();
 
@@ -151,8 +170,10 @@ impl<'a, LS> LoadedTemplates<LS> {
         params: Params,
         locale: String,
     ) -> PreparedTemplate<LS> {
+        // TODO add support for running an `init` or `pre` fragment before running any fragment
+        // This would allow boilerplate `set` statements to be done ahead of time for example...
         PreparedTemplate {
-            all_instructions: Arc::new(self.template_functions.clone()),
+            template_functions: Arc::new(self.template_functions.clone()),
             entrypoint: if let Some(frag) = fragment_name {
                 format!("{template_name}__{frag}")
             } else {
@@ -161,12 +182,14 @@ impl<'a, LS> LoadedTemplates<LS> {
             variables: params,
             localisation: self.localisation.clone(),
             locale,
+            methods: self.methods.clone(),
         }
     }
 }
 
 pub struct PreparedTemplate<LS> {
-    pub(crate) all_instructions: Arc<BTreeMap<String, Arc<Vec<Step>>>>,
+    pub(crate) template_functions: Arc<BTreeMap<String, Arc<TemplateFunction>>>,
+    pub(crate) methods: Arc<BTreeMap<String, TemplateAccessibleMethod>>,
     pub(crate) entrypoint: String,
     pub(crate) variables: Params,
     pub(crate) localisation: Arc<LS>,
@@ -180,7 +203,7 @@ impl<LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> PreparedTemplate<LS> {
     ) -> Result<(), InterpreterError<LS::Error, O::Error>> {
         let interpreter = Interpreter {
             entrypoint: self.entrypoint,
-            program: &self.all_instructions,
+            program: &self.template_functions,
             output,
             localisation: self.localisation,
             locale: self.locale,
@@ -188,6 +211,7 @@ impl<LS: LocalisationSystem + Sync + Send> PreparedTemplate<LS> {
                 variables: self.variables.params,
                 slots: Default::default(),
             }],
+            methods: &self.methods,
         };
         interpreter.run().await?;
         Ok(())

hornbeam_interpreter/src/lib.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 
 mod engine;
+#[cfg(feature = "formbeam")]
+pub mod formbeam_integration;
+mod functions;
 pub(crate) mod interface;
 
 pub mod localisation;
@@ -26,14 +29,18 @@ pub enum InterpreterError<LE: Debug + Clone, OE: Debug> {
     #[error("failed to write to output: {underlying:?}")]
     OutputError { underlying: OE },
 
-    #[error("failed to parse template: ")]
+    #[error("failed to parse template: {0}")]
     ParseError(#[from] ParseError),
 
-    #[error("failed to process parsed template: ")]
+    #[error("failed to process parsed template: {0}")]
     AstToIrError(#[from] AstToIrError),
 
     #[error("error finding templates to load: {0}")]
     TemplateFindError(String),
 }
 
+pub use functions::defaults::default_template_accessible_methods;
+#[cfg(feature = "formbeam")]
+pub use functions::formbeam_integration::formbeam_template_accessible_methods;
+pub use functions::TemplateAccessibleMethod;
 pub use interface::{LoadedTemplates, LocalisationSystem, OutputSystem, Params, PreparedTemplate};

hornbeam_interpreter/src/localisation.rs

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ impl LocalisationSystem for NoLocalisation {
     }
 }
 
-///
+/// Localisation system that dumps debug output.
 #[derive(Copy, Clone)]
 pub struct DebugLocalisationSystem;
 

hornbeam_interpreter/src/localisation/fluent.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use thiserror::Error;
 
 fn interpreter_value_to_fluent_value(v: &Value) -> Option<FluentValue> {
     match v {
-        Value::Str(str) => Some(FluentValue::String(Cow::Borrowed(&str))),
+        Value::Str(str) => Some(FluentValue::String(Cow::Borrowed(str))),
         Value::Int(int) => {
             // This is an unstyled number
             // TODO Support fancier numbers
@@ -97,12 +97,10 @@ impl LocalisationSystem for FluentLocalisationSystem {
         }
         match self.fluent.lookup_with_args(&li, trans_key, &mapped_params) {
             Some(val) => Ok(Cow::Owned(val)),
-            None => {
-                return Err(FluentLocalisationError::NoTranslation {
-                    trans_key: String::from(trans_key),
-                    lang_id: li.to_string(),
-                });
-            }
+            None => Err(FluentLocalisationError::NoTranslation {
+                trans_key: String::from(trans_key),
+                lang_id: li.to_string(),
+            }),
         }
     }
 }

hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+use bevy_reflect::Reflect;
+use hornbeam_interpreter::{localisation::DebugLocalisationSystem, LoadedTemplates, Params};
+use insta::assert_snapshot;
+
+#[derive(Reflect)]
+struct SimpleTestStruct {
+    wombat: u64,
+    apple: u64,
+    banana: String,
+    carrot: String,
+}
+
+fn simple_test_struct() -> SimpleTestStruct {
+    SimpleTestStruct {
+        wombat: 42,
+        apple: 78,
+        banana: "banana!!!".to_owned(),
+        carrot: "mmm CARROT!".to_owned(),
+    }
+}
+
+#[track_caller]
+fn simple_render(template: &str) -> String {
+    let mut templates = LoadedTemplates::new(DebugLocalisationSystem);
+    templates
+        .load_template_from_str("main", template, "main.hnb")
+        .expect("failed to load template");
+    let params = Params::default()
+        .set("sts", simple_test_struct())
+        .set("five", 5);
+    let prepared = templates.prepare("main", None, params, "en".to_owned());
+    prepared.render_to_string().unwrap()
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn snapshot_001() {
+    assert_snapshot!(simple_render(
+        r#"
+html
+    body
+        "this was a triumph :>"
+        br
+        raw "<u>making a note here, huge success</u>"
+
+        if $five == 5
+            "FIVE!!! $five"
+            br
+
+        if $five < 10
+            "five is less than ten!"
+            br
+
+        if $five > 5
+            "weird..."
+        "#
+    ))
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn snapshot_002() {
+    assert_snapshot!(simple_render(
+        r#"
+@localiseMe{x=5}
+br
+"$five"
+        "#
+    ))
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn snapshot_003() {
+    assert_snapshot!(simple_render(
+        r#"
+"unpadded: ${$sts.carrot}"
+br
+"padded to 15: ${$sts.carrot.leftpad(15, 'M')}"
+br
+"urlencoded: ${$sts.carrot.urlencode()}"
+br
+"length: ${$sts.carrot.len()}"
+br
+"split on A: "
+for $part in $sts.carrot.split("A")
+    "($part)"
+    br
+        "#
+    ))
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn snapshot_004() {
+    assert_snapshot!(simple_render(
+        r#"
+for $part in $sts.carrot.split("A")
+    set $final_part = $part
+
+"the final part was: $final_part"
+        "#
+    ))
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn snapshot_005() {
+    assert_snapshot!(simple_render(
+        r#"
+set $unused_var = None
+
+match $unused_var
+    Some($nope) =>
+        "UNEXPECTED $nope"
+    None =>
+        "indeed, var not used"
+        "#
+    ))
+}
+
+#[test]
+fn snapshot_006() {
+    assert_snapshot!(simple_render(
+        r#"
+declare
+    param $default_param = "default value!"
+
+    param $five
+    param $sts
+
+"$default_param"
+        "#
+    ))
+}

hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots/snapshots__snapshot_001.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots.rs
+expression: "simple_render(r#\"\nhtml\n    body\n        \"this was a triumph :>\"\n        br\n        raw \"<u>making a note here, huge success</u>\"\n\n        if $five == 5\n            \"FIVE!!! $five\"\n            br\n\n        if $five < 10\n            \"five is less than ten!\"\n            br\n\n        if $five > 5\n            \"weird...\"\n        \"#)"
+---
+<!DOCTYPE html><html><body>this was a triumph :&gt;<br><u>making a note here, huge success</u>FIVE!!! 5<br>five is less than ten!<br></body></html>

hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots/snapshots__snapshot_002.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots.rs
+expression: "simple_render(r#\"\n@localiseMe{x=5}\nbr\n\"$five\"\n        \"#)"
+---
+@localiseMe{{&quot;x&quot;: Int(5)}}<br>5

hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots/snapshots__snapshot_003.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots.rs
+expression: "simple_render(r#\"\n\"unpadded: ${$sts.carrot}\"\nbr\n\"padded to 15: ${$sts.carrot.leftpad(15, 'M')}\"\nbr\n\"urlencoded: ${$sts.carrot.urlencode()}\"\nbr\n\"length: ${$sts.carrot.len()}\"\nbr\n\"split on A: \"\nfor $part in $sts.carrot.split(\"A\")\n    \"($part)\"\n    br\n        \"#)"
+---
+unpadded: mmm CARROT!<br>padded to 15: MMMMmmm CARROT!<br>urlencoded: mmm%20CARROT%21<br>length: 11<br>split on A: (mmm C)<br>(RROT!)<br>

hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots/snapshots__snapshot_004.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots.rs
+expression: "simple_render(r#\"\nfor $part in $sts.carrot.split(\"A\")\n    set $final_part = $part\n\n\"the final part was: $final_part\"\n        \"#)"
+---
+the final part was: RROT!

hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots/snapshots__snapshot_005.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots.rs
+expression: "simple_render(r#\"\nset $unused_var = None\n\nmatch $unused_var\n    Some($nope) =>\n        \"UNEXPECTED $nope\"\n    None =>\n        \"indeed, var not used\"\n        \"#)"
+---
+indeed, var not used

hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots/snapshots__snapshot_006.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_interpreter/tests/snapshots.rs
+expression: "simple_render(r#\"\ndeclare\n    param $default_param = \"default value!\"\n\n\"$default_param\"\n        \"#)"
+---
+default value!

hornbeam_ir/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 [package]
 name = "hornbeam_ir"
-version = "0.0.1"
+description = "Intermediate representation for the Hornbeam template language"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-or-later"
+version = "0.0.5"
 edition = "2021"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html
 
 [dependencies]
-hornbeam_grammar = { version = "0.0.1", path = "../hornbeam_grammar" }
+hornbeam_grammar = { version = "0.0.5", path = "../hornbeam_grammar" }
 thiserror = "1.0.38"
 serde = { version = "1.0.152", features = ["derive"] }
 itertools = "0.10.5"

hornbeam_ir/src/ast_to_ir.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-use crate::ir::{Step, StepDef};
-use hornbeam_grammar::ast::{Block, Expression, StringExpr, StringPiece, Template};
-use hornbeam_grammar::{intern, Locator};
+use crate::ir::{ParamDef, Step, StepDef, TemplateFunction};
+use hornbeam_grammar::ast::{
+    Binding, Block, Expression, HtmlElement, MatchBinding, StringExpr, StringPiece, Template,
+};
+use hornbeam_grammar::{intern, IStr, Locator};
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use std::borrow::Cow;
 use std::collections::btree_map::Entry;
@@ -8,9 +10,8 @@ use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 use std::ops::Deref;
 use thiserror::Error;
 
-// TODO use the void tags
 /// List of all void (self-closing) HTML tags.
-const VOID_TAGS: &'static [&'static str] = &[
+const VOID_TAGS: &[&str] = &[
     "area", "base", "br", "col", "embed", "hr", "img", "input", "link", "menuitem", "meta",
     "param", "source", "track", "wbr",
 ];
@@ -32,10 +33,10 @@ pub enum AstToIrError {
 ///
 /// Fragments are extracted to `{template_name}__{fragment_name}`.
 /// The top-level template is extracted to `{template_name}`.
-pub(crate) fn pull_out_entrypoints<'a>(
+pub(crate) fn pull_out_entrypoints(
     mut template: Template,
     template_name: &str,
-) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Block>>, AstToIrError> {
+) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Template>, AstToIrError> {
     let mut functions = BTreeMap::new();
 
     for child in &mut template.blocks {
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ pub(crate) fn pull_out_entrypoints<'a>(
 
     match functions.entry(template_name.to_owned()) {
         Entry::Vacant(ve) => {
-            ve.insert(template.blocks);
+            ve.insert(template);
         }
         Entry::Occupied(_) => {
             return Err(AstToIrError::SemanticError {
@@ -62,10 +63,10 @@ pub(crate) fn pull_out_entrypoints<'a>(
 
 /// Extract entrypoints (template fragments) from a block (recursively), replacing them with
 /// calls to that entrypoint.
-fn pull_out_entrypoints_from_block<'a>(
+fn pull_out_entrypoints_from_block(
     block: &mut Block,
     template_name: &str,
-    target: &mut BTreeMap<String, Vec<Block>>,
+    target: &mut BTreeMap<String, Template>,
 ) -> Result<(), AstToIrError> {
     match block {
         Block::HtmlElement(he) => {
@@ -121,7 +122,10 @@ fn pull_out_entrypoints_from_block<'a>(
                     // function.
                     let mut blocks = Vec::new();
                     std::mem::swap(&mut blocks, &mut frag.blocks);
-                    ve.insert(blocks);
+                    ve.insert(Template {
+                        blocks,
+                        param_defs: None,
+                    });
                 }
                 Entry::Occupied(_) => {
                     return Err(AstToIrError::SemanticError {
@@ -132,27 +136,40 @@ fn pull_out_entrypoints_from_block<'a>(
                 }
             }
         }
-        Block::Text(_) | Block::DefineExpandSlot(_) => { /* nop */ }
+        Block::Text(_)
+        | Block::RawUnescapedHtml(_)
+        | Block::DefineExpandSlot(_)
+        | Block::SetStatement(_) => { /* nop */ }
     }
     Ok(())
 }
 
 /// Step 2. Compile the AST to IR steps.
-pub(crate) fn compile_functions<'a>(
-    functions: &BTreeMap<String, Vec<Block>>,
-) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Step>>, AstToIrError> {
+pub(crate) fn compile_functions(
+    functions: &BTreeMap<String, Template>,
+) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, TemplateFunction>, AstToIrError> {
     let mut result = BTreeMap::new();
-    for (func_name, func_blocks) in functions {
+    for (func_name, func_template) in functions {
         let mut steps = Vec::new();
-        for block in func_blocks {
+        for block in &func_template.blocks {
             compile_ast_block_to_steps(block, &mut steps)?;
         }
-        result.insert(func_name.clone(), steps);
+
+        let param_defs = func_template.param_defs.as_ref().map(|defs| {
+            defs.iter()
+                .map(|def| ParamDef {
+                    name: def.name.clone(),
+                    default: def.default.clone(),
+                    locator: def.loc.clone(),
+                })
+                .collect()
+        });
+        result.insert(func_name.clone(), TemplateFunction { param_defs, steps });
     }
     Ok(result)
 }
 
-fn compile_ast_block_to_steps<'a>(
+fn compile_ast_block_to_steps(
     block: &Block,
     instructions: &mut Vec<Step>,
 ) -> Result<(), AstToIrError> {
@@ -178,7 +195,7 @@ fn compile_ast_block_to_steps<'a>(
                 instructions.push(Step {
                     def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
                         escape: false,
-                        text: intern(format!(" id=\"")),
+                        text: intern(" id=\""),
                     },
                     locator: he.loc.clone(),
                 });
@@ -201,73 +218,87 @@ fn compile_ast_block_to_steps<'a>(
 
             // This is only handling the case where we are the exclusive owner of all the class
             // names: see below for more...
-            if !he.classes.is_empty() {
-                if !he.attributes.contains_key(&intern("class")) {
-                    instructions.push(Step {
-                        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
-                            escape: false,
-                            text: intern(format!(" class=\"")),
-                        },
-                        locator: he.loc.clone(),
-                    });
-
-                    instructions.push(Step {
-                        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
-                            escape: true,
-                            text: intern(he.classes.iter().map(|istr| istr.as_str()).join(" ")),
-                        },
-                        locator: he.loc.clone(),
-                    });
-
-                    instructions.push(Step {
-                        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
-                            escape: false,
-                            text: intern("\""),
-                        },
-                        locator: he.loc.clone(),
-                    });
-                }
+            if !he.classes.is_empty() && !he.attributes.contains_key(&intern("class")) {
+                let classes = he.classes.iter().map(|istr| istr.as_str()).join(" ");
+                gen_steps_to_write_literal_attribute(he, "class", &classes, instructions);
             }
 
             // Write attributes
-            for (attr_name, attr_expr) in &he.attributes {
-                instructions.push(Step {
-                    def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
-                        escape: false,
-                        text: intern(format!(" {attr_name}=\"")),
-                    },
-                    locator: he.loc.clone(),
-                });
+            for (attr_name, (attr_expr, attr_flags)) in &he.attributes {
+                let extra_inject = (attr_name.as_str() == "class" && !he.classes.is_empty())
+                    .then(|| intern(he.classes.iter().map(|istr| istr.as_str()).join(" ") + " "));
+                if attr_flags.optional {
+                    // For optional fields:
+                    // - if it matches Some($x), unwrap to $x and emit $x
+                    // - if it matches None, skip
+                    // - if it matches neither, assume it's already unwrapped and emit directly
+                    // A little bit ugly to say the least...
+                    let mut some_stage = Vec::new();
+                    let virtual_varname = intern("___attrval");
+
+                    gen_steps_to_write_attribute(
+                        he,
+                        attr_name,
+                        &Expression::Variable {
+                            name: virtual_varname.clone(),
+                            loc: he.loc.clone(),
+                        },
+                        extra_inject.clone(),
+                        &mut some_stage,
+                    );
+                    let binding = MatchBinding::TupleVariant {
+                        name: intern("Some"),
+                        pieces: vec![Binding::Variable(virtual_varname.clone())],
+                    };
+
+                    let mut arms = vec![(binding, some_stage.clone())];
+
+                    if let Some(extra_inject) = extra_inject {
+                        let mut none_stage = Vec::new();
+                        gen_steps_to_write_literal_attribute(
+                            he,
+                            attr_name,
+                            extra_inject.trim_end_matches(' '),
+                            &mut none_stage,
+                        );
+                        arms.push((
+                            MatchBinding::UnitVariant {
+                                name: intern("None"),
+                            },
+                            none_stage,
+                        ));
+                    } else {
+                        arms.push((
+                            MatchBinding::UnitVariant {
+                                name: intern("None"),
+                            },
+                            Vec::new(),
+                        ));
+                    }
+
+                    arms.push((
+                        MatchBinding::Variable {
+                            name: virtual_varname.clone(),
+                        },
+                        some_stage,
+                    ));
 
-                if attr_name.as_str() == "class" && !he.classes.is_empty() {
-                    // This handles the case where we need to merge class lists between an
-                    // attribute and the shorthand form.
                     instructions.push(Step {
-                        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
-                            escape: true,
-                            text: intern(
-                                he.classes.iter().map(|istr| istr.as_str()).join(" ") + " ",
-                            ),
+                        def: StepDef::Match {
+                            matchable: attr_expr.clone(),
+                            arms,
                         },
                         locator: he.loc.clone(),
                     });
+                } else {
+                    gen_steps_to_write_attribute(
+                        he,
+                        attr_name,
+                        attr_expr,
+                        extra_inject,
+                        instructions,
+                    );
                 }
-
-                instructions.push(Step {
-                    def: StepDef::WriteEval {
-                        escape: true,
-                        expr: attr_expr.clone(),
-                    },
-                    locator: he.loc.clone(),
-                });
-
-                instructions.push(Step {
-                    def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
-                        escape: false,
-                        text: intern("\""),
-                    },
-                    locator: he.loc.clone(),
-                });
             }
 
             // Close the tag
@@ -313,6 +344,13 @@ fn compile_ast_block_to_steps<'a>(
                 locator: ce.loc.clone(),
             })
         }
+        Block::SetStatement(ss) => instructions.push(Step {
+            def: StepDef::Set {
+                binding: ss.binding.clone(),
+                expression: ss.expression.clone(),
+            },
+            locator: ss.loc.clone(),
+        }),
         Block::IfBlock(ifb) => {
             let mut true_instrs = Vec::new();
             let mut false_instrs = Vec::new();
@@ -411,6 +449,41 @@ fn compile_ast_block_to_steps<'a>(
                 }
             }
         }
+        Block::RawUnescapedHtml(text) => {
+            for piece in &text.pieces {
+                match piece {
+                    StringPiece::Literal(lit) => {
+                        instructions.push(Step {
+                            def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
+                                text: lit.clone(),
+                                escape: false,
+                            },
+                            locator: Locator::empty(),
+                        });
+                    }
+                    StringPiece::Interpolation(expr) => {
+                        instructions.push(Step {
+                            def: StepDef::WriteEval {
+                                expr: expr.clone(),
+                                escape: false,
+                            },
+                            locator: Locator::empty(),
+                        });
+                    }
+                    piece @ StringPiece::Localise { .. } => {
+                        instructions.push(Step {
+                            def: StepDef::WriteEval {
+                                expr: Expression::StringExpr(StringExpr {
+                                    pieces: vec![piece.clone()],
+                                }),
+                                escape: false,
+                            },
+                            locator: Locator::empty(),
+                        });
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
         Block::DefineExpandSlot(slot) => {
             instructions.push(Step {
                 def: StepDef::CallSlotWithParentScope {
@@ -435,6 +508,81 @@ fn compile_ast_block_to_steps<'a>(
     Ok(())
 }
 
+fn gen_steps_to_write_literal_attribute(
+    he: &HtmlElement,
+    attr_name: &str,
+    attr_value: &str,
+    instructions: &mut Vec<Step>,
+) {
+    instructions.push(Step {
+        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
+            escape: false,
+            text: intern(format!(" {attr_name}=\"")),
+        },
+        locator: he.loc.clone(),
+    });
+
+    instructions.push(Step {
+        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
+            escape: true,
+            text: intern(attr_value),
+        },
+        locator: he.loc.clone(),
+    });
+
+    instructions.push(Step {
+        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
+            escape: false,
+            text: intern("\""),
+        },
+        locator: he.loc.clone(),
+    });
+}
+
+fn gen_steps_to_write_attribute(
+    he: &HtmlElement,
+    attr_name: &str,
+    attr_expr: &Expression,
+    extra_inject: Option<IStr>,
+    instructions: &mut Vec<Step>,
+) {
+    instructions.push(Step {
+        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
+            escape: false,
+            text: intern(format!(" {attr_name}=\"")),
+        },
+        locator: he.loc.clone(),
+    });
+
+    if let Some(extra_inject) = extra_inject {
+        // This handles the case where we need to merge class lists between an
+        // attribute and the shorthand form.
+        instructions.push(Step {
+            def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
+                escape: true,
+                text: extra_inject,
+            },
+            locator: he.loc.clone(),
+        });
+    }
+
+    instructions.push(Step {
+        def: StepDef::WriteEval {
+            escape: true,
+            expr: attr_expr.clone(),
+        },
+        locator: he.loc.clone(),
+    });
+
+    instructions.push(Step {
+        def: StepDef::WriteLiteral {
+            escape: false,
+            text: intern("\""),
+        },
+        locator: he.loc.clone(),
+    });
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
@@ -500,4 +648,24 @@ div.stylish#myid {size=42, stringy="yup", arb=$ritrary}
         )
         .unwrap());
     }
+    #[test]
+    fn test_compile_params() {
+        let template = parse_template(
+            r#"
+declare
+    param $ritary
+
+    param $three = 3
+
+div {arb=$ritrary}
+    OtherComponent {param3=$three}
+        "#,
+            "inp",
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_yaml_snapshot!(compile_functions(
+            &pull_out_entrypoints(template, "TemplateName").unwrap()
+        )
+        .unwrap());
+    }
 }

hornbeam_ir/src/ir.rs

@@ -11,6 +11,21 @@ pub struct Function {
     pub steps: Vec<Step>,
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+pub struct TemplateFunction {
+    /// `None` if we don't have static parameter information.
+    pub param_defs: Option<Vec<ParamDef>>,
+    pub steps: Vec<Step>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
+pub struct ParamDef {
+    pub name: IStr,
+    // TODO type information
+    pub default: Option<Expression>,
+    pub locator: Locator,
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Serialize)]
 pub struct Step {
     #[serde(flatten)]
@@ -28,6 +43,10 @@ pub enum StepDef {
         escape: bool,
         expr: Expression,
     },
+    Set {
+        expression: Expression,
+        binding: Binding,
+    },
     If {
         condition: Expression,
         true_steps: Vec<Step>,

hornbeam_ir/src/lib.rs

@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 //! For using the IR, see `hornbeam_interpreter` (dynamic) or `hornbeam_macros` (code gen).
 
 use crate::ast_to_ir::pull_out_entrypoints;
-use crate::ir::Step;
 use crate::peephole::apply_all_peephole_passes;
 use hornbeam_grammar::ast::Template;
 use std::collections::BTreeMap;
@@ -19,14 +18,16 @@ mod peephole;
 
 pub use ast_to_ir::AstToIrError;
 
+use self::ir::TemplateFunction;
+
 pub fn ast_to_optimised_ir(
     template_name: &str,
     template: Template,
-) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, Vec<Step>>, AstToIrError> {
+) -> Result<BTreeMap<String, TemplateFunction>, AstToIrError> {
     let entrypoints = pull_out_entrypoints(template, template_name)?;
     let mut compiled_funcs = ast_to_ir::compile_functions(&entrypoints)?;
-    for steps in compiled_funcs.values_mut() {
-        apply_all_peephole_passes(steps);
+    for func in compiled_funcs.values_mut() {
+        apply_all_peephole_passes(&mut func.steps);
     }
 
     Ok(compiled_funcs)

hornbeam_ir/src/peephole.rs

@@ -6,15 +6,15 @@ use crate::ir::{Step, StepDef};
 use hornbeam_grammar::ast::{Expression, StringPiece};
 use hornbeam_grammar::intern;
 
-//// Peephole Machinery
+/// Peephole Machinery
 
-fn peephole<T, F: FnMut(&mut [T]) -> ()>(steps: &mut [T], peephole_width: usize, mut f: F) {
+fn peephole<T, F: FnMut(&mut [T])>(steps: &mut [T], peephole_width: usize, mut f: F) {
     for peephole_start in 0..(steps.len() - peephole_width + 1) {
         f(&mut steps[peephole_start..peephole_start + peephole_width]);
     }
 }
 
-fn peephole_opt<T, F: FnMut(&mut [Option<T>]) -> ()>(
+fn peephole_opt<T, F: FnMut(&mut [Option<T>])>(
     steps: &mut Vec<T>,
     peephole_width: usize,
     mut f: F,
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ fn apply_peephole_pass<F: Fn(&mut Vec<Step>)>(steps: &mut Vec<Step>, pass: &F) {
         match &mut step.def {
             StepDef::WriteLiteral { .. } => {}
             StepDef::WriteEval { .. } => {}
+            StepDef::Set { .. } => {}
             StepDef::If {
                 true_steps,
                 false_steps,
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@ fn apply_peephole_pass<F: Fn(&mut Vec<Step>)>(steps: &mut Vec<Step>, pass: &F) {
     }
 }
 
-//// Peephole Passes
+///// Peephole Passes
 
 /// Given a WriteEval step that just writes literals, convert it to a WriteLiteral step.
 fn pass_write_eval_literal_to_write_literal(steps: &mut Vec<Step>) {
@@ -156,8 +157,7 @@ fn pass_combine_write_literals(steps: &mut Vec<Step>) {
     });
 }
 
-//// Apply all passes in the preferred order
-
+/// Apply all passes in the preferred order
 pub fn apply_all_peephole_passes(steps: &mut Vec<Step>) {
     apply_peephole_pass(steps, &pass_write_eval_literal_to_write_literal);
     apply_peephole_pass(steps, &pass_write_literal_preescape);
@@ -167,16 +167,21 @@ pub fn apply_all_peephole_passes(steps: &mut Vec<Step>) {
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
-    use crate::ast_to_ir::{compile_functions, pull_out_entrypoints};
+    use crate::{
+        ast_to_ir::{compile_functions, pull_out_entrypoints},
+        ir::TemplateFunction,
+    };
     use hornbeam_grammar::parse_template;
     use insta::assert_yaml_snapshot;
     use std::collections::BTreeMap;
 
-    fn parse_ir_and_peephole(text: &str) -> BTreeMap<String, Vec<Step>> {
+    fn parse_ir_and_peephole(text: &str) -> BTreeMap<String, TemplateFunction> {
         let template = parse_template(text, "inp").unwrap();
         let entrypoints = pull_out_entrypoints(template, "TemplateName").unwrap();
         let mut compiled = compile_functions(&entrypoints).unwrap();
-        compiled.values_mut().for_each(apply_all_peephole_passes);
+        compiled
+            .values_mut()
+            .for_each(|func| apply_all_peephole_passes(&mut func.steps));
         compiled
     }
 

hornbeam_ir/src/snapshots/hornbeam_ir__ast_to_ir__tests__compile.snap

@@ -3,115 +3,122 @@ source: hornbeam_ir/src/ast_to_ir.rs
 expression: "compile_functions(&pull_out_entrypoints(template,\n                    \"TemplateName\").unwrap()).unwrap()"
 ---
 TemplateName:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "<div"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: ">"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - Call:
-      name: TemplateName__Frag1
-      args: {}
-      slots: {}
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 3
-      column: 5
-  - Call:
-      name: TemplateName__Footer
-      args: {}
-      slots: {}
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 9
-      column: 5
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "</div>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<div"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: ">"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - Call:
+        name: TemplateName__Frag1
+        args: {}
+        slots: {}
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 3
+        column: 5
+    - Call:
+        name: TemplateName__Footer
+        args: {}
+        slots: {}
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 9
+        column: 5
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "</div>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
 TemplateName__Footer:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: true
-      text: Or even adjacent ones
-    locator:
-      filename: ""
-      line: 0
-      column: 0
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: true
+        text: Or even adjacent ones
+      locator:
+        filename: ""
+        line: 0
+        column: 0
 TemplateName__Frag1:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "<span"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 4
-      column: 9
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: ">"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 4
-      column: 9
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: true
-      text: This is a fragment!!
-    locator:
-      filename: ""
-      line: 0
-      column: 0
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "</span>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 4
-      column: 9
-  - Call:
-      name: TemplateName__Frag2
-      args: {}
-      slots: {}
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 6
-      column: 9
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<span"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 4
+        column: 9
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: ">"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 4
+        column: 9
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: true
+        text: This is a fragment!!
+      locator:
+        filename: ""
+        line: 0
+        column: 0
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "</span>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 4
+        column: 9
+    - Call:
+        name: TemplateName__Frag2
+        args: {}
+        slots: {}
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 6
+        column: 9
 TemplateName__Frag2:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "<div"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 7
-      column: 13
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: ">"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 7
-      column: 13
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: true
-      text: "There's no problem having nested fragments!"
-    locator:
-      filename: ""
-      line: 0
-      column: 0
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "</div>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 7
-      column: 13
-
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<div"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 13
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: ">"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 13
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: true
+        text: "There's no problem having nested fragments!"
+      locator:
+        filename: ""
+        line: 0
+        column: 0
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "</div>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 13

hornbeam_ir/src/snapshots/hornbeam_ir__ast_to_ir__tests__compile_attributes.snap

@@ -3,171 +3,172 @@ source: hornbeam_ir/src/ast_to_ir.rs
 expression: "compile_functions(&pull_out_entrypoints(template,\n                    \"TemplateName\").unwrap()).unwrap()"
 ---
 TemplateName:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "<div"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: " id=\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: true
-      text: myid
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: " class=\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: true
-      text: stylish
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: " arb=\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteEval:
-      escape: true
-      expr:
-        Variable:
-          name: ritrary
-          loc:
-            filename: inp
-            line: 2
-            column: 47
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: " size=\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteEval:
-      escape: true
-      expr:
-        IntLiteral:
-          val: 42
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: " stringy=\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteEval:
-      escape: true
-      expr:
-        StringExpr:
-          pieces:
-            - Literal: yup
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: ">"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: true
-      text: This is a div with a few extras
-    locator:
-      filename: ""
-      line: 0
-      column: 0
-  - Call:
-      name: OtherComponent
-      args:
-        param1:
-          IntLiteral:
-            val: 1
-        param2:
-          StringExpr:
-            pieces:
-              - Literal: two
-        param3:
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<div"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: " id=\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: true
+        text: myid
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: " class=\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: true
+        text: stylish
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: " arb=\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteEval:
+        escape: true
+        expr:
           Variable:
-            name: three
+            name: ritrary
             loc:
               filename: inp
-              line: 4
-              column: 52
-      slots:
-        main: []
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 4
-      column: 5
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "</div>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-
+              line: 2
+              column: 47
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: " size=\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteEval:
+        escape: true
+        expr:
+          IntLiteral:
+            val: 42
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: " stringy=\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteEval:
+        escape: true
+        expr:
+          StringExpr:
+            pieces:
+              - Literal: yup
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: ">"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: true
+        text: This is a div with a few extras
+      locator:
+        filename: ""
+        line: 0
+        column: 0
+    - Call:
+        name: OtherComponent
+        args:
+          param1:
+            IntLiteral:
+              val: 1
+          param2:
+            StringExpr:
+              pieces:
+                - Literal: two
+          param3:
+            Variable:
+              name: three
+              loc:
+                filename: inp
+                line: 4
+                column: 52
+        slots:
+          main: []
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 4
+        column: 5
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "</div>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1

hornbeam_ir/src/snapshots/hornbeam_ir__ast_to_ir__tests__compile_params.snap

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
+---
+source: hornbeam_ir/src/ast_to_ir.rs
+expression: "compile_functions(&pull_out_entrypoints(template,\n                    \"TemplateName\").unwrap()).unwrap()"
+---
+TemplateName:
+  param_defs:
+    - name: ritary
+      default: ~
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 3
+        column: 5
+    - name: three
+      default:
+        IntLiteral:
+          val: 3
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 5
+        column: 5
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<div"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: " arb=\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 1
+    - WriteEval:
+        escape: true
+        expr:
+          Variable:
+            name: ritrary
+            loc:
+              filename: inp
+              line: 7
+              column: 10
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: ">"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 1
+    - Call:
+        name: OtherComponent
+        args:
+          param3:
+            Variable:
+              name: three
+              loc:
+                filename: inp
+                line: 8
+                column: 28
+        slots:
+          main: []
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 8
+        column: 5
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "</div>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 1

hornbeam_ir/src/snapshots/hornbeam_ir__ast_to_ir__tests__pull_out_entrypoints.snap

@@ -3,67 +3,74 @@ source: hornbeam_ir/src/ast_to_ir.rs
 expression: "pull_out_entrypoints(template, \"TemplateName\").unwrap()"
 ---
 TemplateName:
-  - HtmlElement:
-      name: div
-      children:
-        - DefineFragment:
-            name: TemplateName__Frag1
-            blocks: []
-            loc:
-              filename: inp
-              line: 3
-              column: 5
-        - DefineFragment:
-            name: TemplateName__Footer
-            blocks: []
-            loc:
-              filename: inp
-              line: 9
-              column: 5
-      classes: []
-      dom_id: ~
-      attributes: {}
-      loc:
-        filename: inp
-        line: 2
-        column: 1
+  param_defs: ~
+  blocks:
+    - HtmlElement:
+        name: div
+        children:
+          - DefineFragment:
+              name: TemplateName__Frag1
+              blocks: []
+              loc:
+                filename: inp
+                line: 3
+                column: 5
+          - DefineFragment:
+              name: TemplateName__Footer
+              blocks: []
+              loc:
+                filename: inp
+                line: 9
+                column: 5
+        classes: []
+        dom_id: ~
+        attributes: {}
+        loc:
+          filename: inp
+          line: 2
+          column: 1
 TemplateName__Footer:
-  - Text:
-      pieces:
-        - Literal: Or even adjacent ones
+  param_defs: ~
+  blocks:
+    - Text:
+        pieces:
+          - Literal: Or even adjacent ones
 TemplateName__Frag1:
-  - HtmlElement:
-      name: span
-      children:
-        - Text:
-            pieces:
-              - Literal: This is a fragment!!
-      classes: []
-      dom_id: ~
-      attributes: {}
-      loc:
-        filename: inp
-        line: 4
-        column: 9
-  - DefineFragment:
-      name: TemplateName__Frag2
-      blocks: []
-      loc:
-        filename: inp
-        line: 6
-        column: 9
+  param_defs: ~
+  blocks:
+    - HtmlElement:
+        name: span
+        children:
+          - Text:
+              pieces:
+                - Literal: This is a fragment!!
+        classes: []
+        dom_id: ~
+        attributes: {}
+        loc:
+          filename: inp
+          line: 4
+          column: 9
+    - DefineFragment:
+        name: TemplateName__Frag2
+        blocks: []
+        loc:
+          filename: inp
+          line: 6
+          column: 9
 TemplateName__Frag2:
-  - HtmlElement:
-      name: div
-      children:
-        - Text:
-            pieces:
-              - Literal: "There's no problem having nested fragments!"
-      classes: []
-      dom_id: ~
-      attributes: {}
-      loc:
-        filename: inp
-        line: 7
-        column: 13
-
+  param_defs: ~
+  blocks:
+    - HtmlElement:
+        name: div
+        children:
+          - Text:
+              pieces:
+                - Literal: "There's no problem having nested fragments!"
+        classes: []
+        dom_id: ~
+        attributes: {}
+        loc:
+          filename: inp
+          line: 7
+          column: 13

hornbeam_ir/src/snapshots/hornbeam_ir__peephole__tests__adjacent_text.snap

@@ -3,66 +3,73 @@ source: hornbeam_ir/src/peephole.rs
 expression: "parse_ir_and_peephole(r#\"\ndiv\n    fragment Frag1\n        span\n            \"This is a fragment!!\"\n        fragment Frag2\n            div\n                \"There's no problem having <<nested>> fragments!\"\n    fragment Footer\n        \"Or even adjacent ones\"\n        \"#)"
 ---
 TemplateName:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "<div>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - Call:
-      name: TemplateName__Frag1
-      args: {}
-      slots: {}
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 3
-      column: 5
-  - Call:
-      name: TemplateName__Footer
-      args: {}
-      slots: {}
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 9
-      column: 5
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "</div>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<div>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - Call:
+        name: TemplateName__Frag1
+        args: {}
+        slots: {}
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 3
+        column: 5
+    - Call:
+        name: TemplateName__Footer
+        args: {}
+        slots: {}
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 9
+        column: 5
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "</div>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
 TemplateName__Footer:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: Or even adjacent ones
-    locator:
-      filename: ""
-      line: 0
-      column: 0
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: Or even adjacent ones
+      locator:
+        filename: ""
+        line: 0
+        column: 0
 TemplateName__Frag1:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "<span>This is a fragment!!</span>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 4
-      column: 9
-  - Call:
-      name: TemplateName__Frag2
-      args: {}
-      slots: {}
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 6
-      column: 9
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<span>This is a fragment!!</span>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 4
+        column: 9
+    - Call:
+        name: TemplateName__Frag2
+        args: {}
+        slots: {}
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 6
+        column: 9
 TemplateName__Frag2:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "<div>There&#x27;s no problem having &lt;&lt;nested&gt;&gt; fragments!</div>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 7
-      column: 13
-
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<div>There&#x27;s no problem having &lt;&lt;nested&gt;&gt; fragments!</div>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 7
+        column: 13

hornbeam_ir/src/snapshots/hornbeam_ir__peephole__tests__with_attributes.snap

@@ -3,77 +3,78 @@ source: hornbeam_ir/src/peephole.rs
 expression: "parse_ir_and_peephole(r#\"\ndiv.stylish#myid {size=42, stringy=\"yup\", arb=$ritrary}\n    \"This is a div with a few extras\"\n    OtherComponent {param1=1, param2=\"two\", param3=$three}\n        \"#)"
 ---
 TemplateName:
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "<div id=\"myid\" class=\"stylish\" arb=\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteEval:
-      escape: true
-      expr:
-        Variable:
-          name: ritrary
-          loc:
-            filename: inp
-            line: 2
-            column: 47
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "\" size=\""
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteEval:
-      escape: true
-      expr:
-        IntLiteral:
-          val: 42
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "\" stringy=\"yup\">This is a div with a few extras"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-  - Call:
-      name: OtherComponent
-      args:
-        param1:
-          IntLiteral:
-            val: 1
-        param2:
-          StringExpr:
-            pieces:
-              - Literal: two
-        param3:
+  param_defs: ~
+  steps:
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "<div id=\"myid\" class=\"stylish\" arb=\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteEval:
+        escape: true
+        expr:
           Variable:
-            name: three
+            name: ritrary
             loc:
               filename: inp
-              line: 4
-              column: 52
-      slots:
-        main: []
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 4
-      column: 5
-  - WriteLiteral:
-      escape: false
-      text: "</div>"
-    locator:
-      filename: inp
-      line: 2
-      column: 1
-
+              line: 2
+              column: 47
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "\" size=\""
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteEval:
+        escape: true
+        expr:
+          IntLiteral:
+            val: 42
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "\" stringy=\"yup\">This is a div with a few extras"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1
+    - Call:
+        name: OtherComponent
+        args:
+          param1:
+            IntLiteral:
+              val: 1
+          param2:
+            StringExpr:
+              pieces:
+                - Literal: two
+          param3:
+            Variable:
+              name: three
+              loc:
+                filename: inp
+                line: 4
+                column: 52
+        slots:
+          main: []
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 4
+        column: 5
+    - WriteLiteral:
+        escape: false
+        text: "</div>"
+      locator:
+        filename: inp
+        line: 2
+        column: 1

hornbeam_macros/Cargo.toml

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 [package]
 name = "hornbeam_macros"
-version = "0.0.1"
+description = "Macros for the Hornbeam template system"
+license = "AGPL-3.0-or-later"
+version = "0.0.5"
 edition = "2021"
 
 # See more keys and their definitions at https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/reference/manifest.html

shell.nix

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ let
 
   rust-toolchain = pkgs.symlinkJoin {
     name = "rust-toolchain";
-    paths = [pkgs.rustc pkgs.cargo pkgs.rustfmt pkgs.rustPlatform.rustcSrc pkgs.clippy];
+    paths = [pkgs.rustc pkgs.cargo pkgs.rustfmt pkgs.rustPlatform.rustcSrc pkgs.clippy pkgs.rust-analyzer];
   };
 in