diff --git a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/execute.cc b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/execute.cc
index 35d4177f3da..24582147479 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/execute.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/execute.cc
@@ -551,8 +551,9 @@ Status GetOrCreateKernelAndDevice(
           ctx.GetCollectiveExecutorHandle(), ctx.HostCPU()));
     }
 
-    TF_RETURN_IF_ERROR(
-        kernel->Init({ctx.LogDevicePlacement()}, ndef, graph_collector));
+    TF_RETURN_IF_ERROR(kernel->Init(
+        {ctx.LogDevicePlacement(), ctx.LazyCopyFunctionRemoteInputs()}, ndef,
+        graph_collector));
 
     if (op->is_function()) {
       ctx.AddKernelToCache(cache_key, kernel.get());
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/kernel_and_device.cc b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/kernel_and_device.cc
index 00d832365e9..5f0dce21e8e 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/kernel_and_device.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/kernel_and_device.cc
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ Status KernelAndDeviceFunc::InstantiateFunc(const Context& ctx,
 Status KernelAndDeviceFunc::Init(const Context& ctx, const NodeDef& ndef,
                                  GraphCollector* graph_collector) {
   TF_RETURN_IF_ERROR(InstantiateFunc(ctx, ndef, graph_collector));
-  return pflr_->GetOutputDevices(handle_, &output_devices_);
+  return pflr_->GetOutputDevices(handle_, &output_devices_,
+                                 ctx.eager_lazy_copy);
 }
 
 namespace {
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/kernel_and_device.h b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/kernel_and_device.h
index 7bf4afbaf24..0a765510d7b 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/kernel_and_device.h
+++ b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/kernel_and_device.h
@@ -97,6 +97,7 @@ class KernelAndDevice : public core::RefCounted {
  public:
   struct Context {
     bool log_device_placement = false;
+    bool eager_lazy_copy = false;
   };
 
   // Populates this with a kernel appropriate for 'ndef'.
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc
index 73450aa635f..ac3343e5a61 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.cc
@@ -466,18 +466,6 @@ Status ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime::PinArgsAndRets(
                   << " src_device: " << *src_device
                   << " colo group: " << colocation_group;
         }
-        // If colocation_group is not set and output producing node is assigned
-        // to a remote device, colocate the retval node with its input node.
-        // TODO(yujingzhang): Remove this when we support outputting tensors on
-        // remote devices.
-        const bool remote_src_device =
-            !src_device->empty() && GetFLR(*src_device) == nullptr;
-        if (colocation_group.empty() && remote_src_device) {
-          colocation_group =
-              absl::StrCat(kColocationGroupPrefix, it->src()->name());
-          VLOG(3) << "Considering src: " << src_node->name()
-                  << " colo group: " << colocation_group;
-        }
 
         // If resource is produced by a function call node, we can't trust
         // source node device assignment, because multi-device functions can
@@ -510,6 +498,20 @@ Status ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime::PinArgsAndRets(
                   "Unable to find any devices for spec ", *src_device);
             }
           } else if (matching_devices.size() != 1) {
+            bool on_same_task = true;
+            for (int i = 1; i < matching_devices.size(); ++i) {
+              if (!DeviceNameUtils::IsSameAddressSpace(
+                      matching_devices.at(0)->parsed_name(),
+                      matching_devices.at(i)->parsed_name())) {
+                on_same_task = false;
+                break;
+              }
+            }
+            // If the src node of an output is assigned to a address space (e.g.
+            // py_func), rely on placer to assign a device to the output.
+            if (on_same_task) {
+              continue;
+            }
             // Convert a vector of devices to a string.
             // Using absl::StrJoin did not work in Android builds.
             string devices = "[";
@@ -523,6 +525,7 @@ Status ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime::PinArgsAndRets(
             devices.append("]");
 
             return errors::InvalidArgument(
+                *src_device,
                 "When FunctionLibraryRuntime::Options.output_devices are "
                 "not specified for a multi-device function, the device "
                 "specification on the output node must match exactly one "
@@ -968,6 +971,7 @@ Status ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime::InstantiateMultiDevice(
         Status s = flr->Instantiate(unique_name, attrs, opts, component_handle);
         done(s);
       } else {
+        opts.ret_indices = comp_data->ret_indices;
         // Initialize remote function asynchronously.
         InstantiateRemote(unique_name, attrs, opts, component_handle, done);
       }
@@ -988,9 +992,9 @@ Status ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime::InstantiateMultiDevice(
 }
 
 Status ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime::GetOutputDevices(
-    FunctionLibraryRuntime::Handle handle,
-    std::vector<Device*>* output_devices) const {
-  const MultiDeviceFunctionData* data = IsMultiDevice(handle);
+    FunctionLibraryRuntime::Handle handle, std::vector<Device*>* output_devices,
+    const bool eager_lazy_copy) const {
+  MultiDeviceFunctionData* data = IsMultiDevice(handle);
   if (data == nullptr) {
     return errors::InvalidArgument(
         "Failed for find multi-device function handle ", handle);
@@ -1008,6 +1012,19 @@ Status ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime::GetOutputDevices(
     Device* target_device = nullptr;
     Device* host = nullptr;
     if (target_flr == nullptr) {
+      if (!eager_lazy_copy) {
+        return errors::Unimplemented(
+            "Currently, outputting tensors on remote devices is not supported."
+            "The ",
+            comp_data.ret_indices[0],
+            "-th return value of the function outputs to target_device: ",
+            target,
+            " Please copy the tensor to local device explicitly using "
+            "tf.identity and return the new Tensor instead.");
+      }
+      if (!data->has_remote_outputs) {
+        data->has_remote_outputs = true;
+      }
       target_device = device_set()->FindDeviceByName(target);
       string remote_host;
       TF_RETURN_IF_ERROR(
@@ -1607,7 +1624,12 @@ void ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime::Run(
     FunctionLibraryRuntime::Handle handle, const FunctionArgsInterface& args,
     std::vector<FunctionRet>* rets,
     FunctionLibraryRuntime::DoneCallback done) const {
-  if (!args.HasRemoteOrPackedInputs()) {
+  bool has_remote_outputs = false;
+  const MultiDeviceFunctionData* data = IsMultiDevice(handle);
+  if (data != nullptr) {
+    has_remote_outputs = data->has_remote_outputs;
+  }
+  if (!args.HasRemoteOrPackedInputs() && !has_remote_outputs) {
     const std::vector<Tensor> local_inputs = args.GetLocalTensors();
     std::vector<Tensor>* tensor_rets = new std::vector<Tensor>;
     return Run(
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.h b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.h
index 69cd974b124..a882f5406d3 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.h
+++ b/tensorflow/core/common_runtime/process_function_library_runtime.h
@@ -151,7 +151,8 @@ class ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime {
   // is set to the device backing the resource.
   // REQUIRES: `handle` identifies a multi-device function.
   Status GetOutputDevices(FunctionLibraryRuntime::Handle handle,
-                          std::vector<Device*>* output_devices) const;
+                          std::vector<Device*>* output_devices,
+                          const bool eager_lazy_copy) const;
 
   // Returns true if function with handle `handle` was instantiated on device
   // `device_name`. Returns false for multi-device functions.
@@ -271,7 +272,8 @@ class ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime {
           lib_def_(std::move(lib_def)),
           num_outputs_(num_outputs),
           ret_types_(std::move(ret_types)),
-          is_cross_process_(false) {}
+          is_cross_process_(false),
+          has_remote_outputs(false) {}
 
     const string function_name_;
     const string function_key_;
@@ -285,6 +287,8 @@ class ProcessFunctionLibraryRuntime {
 
     // Indicates whether this function needs to execute cross process.
     bool is_cross_process_;
+    // Indicates whether this function has remote outputs.
+    bool has_remote_outputs;
 
     // Maps the device name to the information about the component function
     // be run on this device.
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/BUILD b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/BUILD
index 30512295a7e..505e0c305d6 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/BUILD
+++ b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/BUILD
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ cc_library(
         "//tensorflow/core:lib_internal",
         "//tensorflow/core:protos_all_cc",
         "//tensorflow/core:worker_proto_cc",
+        "@com_google_absl//absl/types:optional",
     ],
 )
 
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/cluster_function_library_runtime.h b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/cluster_function_library_runtime.h
index eb9ce64bcdb..4655bce44f9 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/cluster_function_library_runtime.h
+++ b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/cluster_function_library_runtime.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 #ifndef TENSORFLOW_CORE_DISTRIBUTED_RUNTIME_CLUSTER_FUNCTION_LIBRARY_RUNTIME_H_
 #define TENSORFLOW_CORE_DISTRIBUTED_RUNTIME_CLUSTER_FUNCTION_LIBRARY_RUNTIME_H_
 
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/worker_cache.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/worker_interface.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/framework/function.h"
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/BUILD b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/BUILD
index c27758cbb44..fb9808b80cf 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/BUILD
+++ b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/BUILD
@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ cc_library(
         "//tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager:tensor_handle",
         "//tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime:call_options",
         "//tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime:worker_session",
+        "@com_google_absl//absl/types:optional",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/types:span",
         "@com_google_absl//absl/types:variant",
     ],
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/cluster_function_library_runtime.cc b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/cluster_function_library_runtime.cc
index 0e0cd808504..e9801d65b49 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/cluster_function_library_runtime.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/cluster_function_library_runtime.cc
@@ -96,14 +96,16 @@ void EagerClusterFunctionLibraryRuntime::Instantiate(
           .ToProto();
   StripDefaultAttributesInRegisterFunctionOp(register_function);
 
+  const absl::optional<std::vector<int>>& ret_indices = options.ret_indices;
   eager_client->EnqueueAsync(
       /*call_opts=*/nullptr, request.get(), response.get(),
       [this, request, response, handle, released_op = released_op.release(),
-       target, eager_client = eager_client.get(), done](const Status& s) {
+       target, ret_indices, eager_client = eager_client.get(),
+       done](const Status& s) {
         {
           mutex_lock l(mu_);
           *handle = function_data_.size();
-          function_data_.emplace_back(target, eager_client,
+          function_data_.emplace_back(target, ret_indices, eager_client,
                                       absl::WrapUnique(released_op));
         }
         done(s);
@@ -168,6 +170,12 @@ void EagerClusterFunctionLibraryRuntime::Run(
   request->set_context_id(context_id_);
   eager::Operation* remote_op = request->mutable_operation();
 
+  if (function_data->ret_indices.has_value()) {
+    for (const int ret_index : function_data->ret_indices.value()) {
+      request->add_output_num(ret_index);
+    }
+  }
+
   for (const auto& arg : args) {
     if (arg.index() == 0) {
       absl::get<Tensor>(arg).AsProtoTensorContent(
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/cluster_function_library_runtime.h b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/cluster_function_library_runtime.h
index 6e60ee0b13d..01e864053d1 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/cluster_function_library_runtime.h
+++ b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/cluster_function_library_runtime.h
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ limitations under the License.
 #ifndef TENSORFLOW_CORE_DISTRIBUTED_RUNTIME_EAGER_CLUSTER_FUNCTION_LIBRARY_RUNTIME_H_
 #define TENSORFLOW_CORE_DISTRIBUTED_RUNTIME_EAGER_CLUSTER_FUNCTION_LIBRARY_RUNTIME_H_
 
+#include "absl/types/optional.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/common_runtime/device_mgr.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/context.h"
 #include "tensorflow/core/common_runtime/eager/eager_operation.h"
@@ -84,12 +85,15 @@ class EagerClusterFunctionLibraryRuntime
 
   struct FunctionData {
     const string target;
+    const absl::optional<std::vector<int>> ret_indices;
     core::RefCountPtr<EagerClient> eager_client;
     std::unique_ptr<EagerOperation> op;
 
-    FunctionData(const string& target, EagerClient* eager_client,
-                 std::unique_ptr<EagerOperation> op)
+    FunctionData(const string& target,
+                 const absl::optional<std::vector<int>>& ret_indices,
+                 EagerClient* eager_client, std::unique_ptr<EagerOperation> op)
         : target(target),
+          ret_indices(ret_indices),
           eager_client(core::RefCountPtr<EagerClient>(eager_client)),
           op(std::move(op)) {
       eager_client->Ref();
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/eager_service_impl.cc b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/eager_service_impl.cc
index 0e4eb9cf1dc..c3ed312428b 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/eager_service_impl.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/eager_service_impl.cc
@@ -171,7 +171,8 @@ Status TensorHandleShape(TensorHandle* handle, TensorShapeProto* proto) {
 
 Status AddOpRetvalsToResponse(
     EagerContext* eager_context, int op_id, int num_retvals,
-    TensorHandle** retvals, std::function<TensorProto*()> add_tensor_proto_fn,
+    const std::vector<int32>& output_nums, TensorHandle** retvals,
+    std::function<TensorProto*()> add_tensor_proto_fn,
     std::function<TensorShapeProto*()> add_shape_proto_fn,
     std::function<string*()> add_device_fn = nullptr) {
   if (op_id == kInvalidRemoteOpId) {
@@ -195,7 +196,9 @@ Status AddOpRetvalsToResponse(
       if (is_remote) {
         retvals[i]->Unref();
       } else {
-        eager_context->RemoteMgr()->AddOperationOutput(retvals[i], op_id, i);
+        const int output_num = output_nums.empty() ? i : output_nums.at(i);
+        eager_context->RemoteMgr()->AddOperationOutput(retvals[i], op_id,
+                                                       output_num);
       }
     }
   }
@@ -474,6 +477,10 @@ void EagerServiceImpl::RunComponentFunction(
   auto* retvals = new absl::FixedArray<TensorHandle*>(*num_retvals);
   VLOG(3) << "ServerContext: Calling EagerLocalExecuteAsync for op "
           << operation.id();
+  std::vector<int32> output_nums;
+  for (const int32 output_num : request->output_num()) {
+    output_nums.push_back(output_num);
+  }
 
   auto cm = std::make_shared<CancellationManager>();
   op->SetCancellationManager(cm.get());
@@ -482,8 +489,8 @@ void EagerServiceImpl::RunComponentFunction(
   context->Ref();
   EagerLocalExecuteAsync(
       op, retvals->data(), num_retvals,
-      [op, op_id = operation.id(), num_retvals, retvals, cm, call_opts,
-       response, eager_context, context,
+      [op, op_id = operation.id(), num_retvals, retvals, output_nums, cm,
+       call_opts, response, eager_context, context,
        done = std::move(done)](const Status& status) {
         call_opts->ClearCancelCallback();
         auto wrapped_done = [&](const Status& status) {
@@ -500,7 +507,7 @@ void EagerServiceImpl::RunComponentFunction(
         // The output device of a component function is the component device
         // which is known on the default device of it's parent function.
         wrapped_done(AddOpRetvalsToResponse(
-            eager_context, op_id, *num_retvals, retvals->data(),
+            eager_context, op_id, *num_retvals, output_nums, retvals->data(),
             [response] { return response->add_tensor(); },
             [response] { return response->add_shape(); }));
       });
@@ -539,8 +546,8 @@ Status EagerServiceImpl::ExecuteOp(CallOptions* call_opts,
   }
 
   return AddOpRetvalsToResponse(
-      eager_context, operation.id(), num_retvals, retvals.data(),
-      [queue_response] { return queue_response->add_tensor(); },
+      eager_context, operation.id(), num_retvals, /*output_nums=*/{},
+      retvals.data(), [queue_response] { return queue_response->add_tensor(); },
       [queue_response] { return queue_response->add_shape(); },
       std::move(add_device_fn));
 }
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/eager_service_impl_test.cc b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/eager_service_impl_test.cc
index 2e603a298ba..700cea117de 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/eager_service_impl_test.cc
+++ b/tensorflow/core/distributed_runtime/eager/eager_service_impl_test.cc
@@ -224,10 +224,11 @@ void AddOperationToRunComponentFunctionRequest(
     const std::vector<absl::variant<TensorProto, std::pair<int64, int32>>>&
         inputs,
     const std::unordered_map<string, AttrValue>& attrs, const string& device,
-    RunComponentFunctionRequest* request) {
+    const int output_num, RunComponentFunctionRequest* request) {
   auto* operation = request->mutable_operation();
   operation->set_is_function(true);
   operation->set_is_component_function(true);
+  request->add_output_num(output_num);
   BuildOperation(operation, id, name, inputs, attrs, device);
 }
 
@@ -610,10 +611,12 @@ class EagerServiceImplFunctionTest : public EagerServiceImplTest {
     RunComponentFunctionRequest run_comp_func_request;
     run_comp_func_request.set_context_id(context_id);
     RunComponentFunctionResponse run_comp_func_response;
+    const int output_num = 5;
     AddOperationToRunComponentFunctionRequest(
         2, function_name, {std::make_pair(1, 0)},
         std::unordered_map<string, AttrValue>(),
-        "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0", &run_comp_func_request);
+        "/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0", output_num,
+        &run_comp_func_request);
 
     CallOptions call_opts;
     Notification n;
@@ -636,7 +639,8 @@ class EagerServiceImplFunctionTest : public EagerServiceImplTest {
       const tensorflow::Tensor* t = nullptr;
       tensorflow::TensorHandle* tensor_handle;
       TF_ASSERT_OK(eager_service_impl.GetTensorHandle(
-          context_id, RemoteTensorHandleInternal(2, 0), &tensor_handle));
+          context_id, RemoteTensorHandleInternal(2, output_num),
+          &tensor_handle));
       TF_ASSERT_OK(tensor_handle->Tensor(&t));
 
       auto actual = t->flat<float>();
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/framework/function.h b/tensorflow/core/framework/function.h
index c7e6e2d158c..3c7c09eee37 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/framework/function.h
+++ b/tensorflow/core/framework/function.h
@@ -612,6 +612,9 @@ class FunctionLibraryRuntime {
     // infer correct device.
     std::vector<string> output_devices;
 
+    // If set, it indicates the original output indices of a component function.
+    absl::optional<std::vector<int>> ret_indices = absl::nullopt;
+
     // Maps from a CompositeDevice name to a list of underlying physical
     // devices.
     absl::flat_hash_map<string, const std::vector<string>*> composite_devices;
diff --git a/tensorflow/core/protobuf/eager_service.proto b/tensorflow/core/protobuf/eager_service.proto
index 03f8357276f..204acf6b1df 100644
--- a/tensorflow/core/protobuf/eager_service.proto
+++ b/tensorflow/core/protobuf/eager_service.proto
@@ -180,6 +180,9 @@ message RunComponentFunctionRequest {
   fixed64 context_id = 1;
 
   Operation operation = 2;
+
+  // The output indices of its parent function.
+  repeated int32 output_num = 3;
 }
 
 message RunComponentFunctionResponse {
diff --git a/tensorflow/python/eager/remote_test.py b/tensorflow/python/eager/remote_test.py
index c661ed98bf5..429068149b1 100644
--- a/tensorflow/python/eager/remote_test.py
+++ b/tensorflow/python/eager/remote_test.py
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ class SingleWorkerTest(test.TestCase, parameterized.TestCase):
 
     self.assertAllEqual(with_variable(constant_op.constant([2])).numpy(), [3])
 
-  @test_util.eager_lazy_remote_copy_on_and_off
   def testMultiDeviceFunctionRemoteOutput(self):
     with ops.device('/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0'):
       variable_b = variables.Variable(1)
@@ -101,10 +100,15 @@ class SingleWorkerTest(test.TestCase, parameterized.TestCase):
     def remote_output(i):
       with ops.device('/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0'):
         c = variable_b + 1
-      return c, i + variable_b
+      return i + variable_b, c
 
-    self.assertAllEqual(
-        remote_output(constant_op.constant([1]))[0].numpy(), 2)
+    rets = remote_output(constant_op.constant([1]))
+    self.assertEqual(rets[0].backing_device,
+                     '/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0')
+    self.assertEqual(rets[1].backing_device,
+                     '/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0')
+    self.assertAllEqual(rets[0].numpy(), [2])
+    self.assertAllEqual(rets[1].numpy(), 2)
 
   def testMultiDeviceFunctionAmbiguousDevice(self):
 
@@ -482,6 +486,25 @@ class MultiWorkersTest(test.TestCase, parameterized.TestCase):
       with ops.device('/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/device:GPU:0'):
         self.assertAllEqual(remote_function(constant_op.constant([1.0])), [3.0])
 
+  def testMultiDeviceFunctionRemoteOutput(self):
+    with ops.device('/job:worker/replica:0/task:1/cpu:0'):
+      variable_b = variables.Variable(1)
+
+    @def_function.function
+    def remote_output(i):
+      with ops.device('/job:worker/replica:0/task:1/cpu:0'):
+        c = variable_b + 1
+      return i + variable_b, c
+
+    with ops.device('/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0'):
+      rets = remote_output(constant_op.constant([1]))
+    self.assertEqual(rets[0].backing_device,
+                     '/job:worker/replica:0/task:0/device:CPU:0')
+    self.assertEqual(rets[1].backing_device,
+                     '/job:worker/replica:0/task:1/device:CPU:0')
+    self.assertAllEqual(rets[0].numpy(), [2])
+    self.assertAllEqual(rets[1].numpy(), 2)
+
   @test_util.eager_lazy_remote_copy_on_and_off
   def testMultiDeviceWhileLoopOnRemoteDevice(self):
     with ops.device('/job:worker/replica:0/task:1'):