diff --git a/tensorflow/python/keras/callbacks.py b/tensorflow/python/keras/callbacks.py
index 50852d8aa4b..bb9e61d01a2 100644
--- a/tensorflow/python/keras/callbacks.py
+++ b/tensorflow/python/keras/callbacks.py
@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ from tensorflow.python.keras.utils.generic_utils import Progbar
 from tensorflow.python.keras.utils.mode_keys import ModeKeys
 from tensorflow.python.lib.io import file_io
 from tensorflow.python.ops import array_ops
+from tensorflow.python.ops import control_flow_ops
 from tensorflow.python.ops import math_ops
 from tensorflow.python.ops import summary_ops_v2
 from tensorflow.python.ops import variables
@@ -1948,9 +1949,7 @@ class TensorBoard(Callback):
   def on_train_begin(self, logs=None):
     self._init_batch_steps()
     if self._start_batch == 1:
-      summary_ops_v2.trace_on(graph=True, profiler=False)
-      profiler.start(logdir=os.path.join(self._log_write_dir, 'train'))
-      self._is_tracing = True
+      self._enable_trace()
 
   def on_test_begin(self, logs=None):
     self._set_default_writer(self._validation_run_name)
@@ -1976,14 +1975,14 @@ class TensorBoard(Callback):
       self._log_metrics(logs, prefix='batch_', step=train_batches)
 
     self._increment_step(self._train_run_name)
-
-    if context.executing_eagerly():
-      if self._is_tracing and math_ops.greater_equal(train_batches,
-                                                     self._stop_batch):
-        self._log_trace()
-      elif (not self._is_tracing and
-            math_ops.equal(train_batches, self._start_batch - 1)):
-        self._enable_trace()
+    if self._is_tracing:
+      control_flow_ops.cond(
+          math_ops.greater_equal(train_batches, self._stop_batch),
+          lambda: self._log_trace_return_true(), lambda: False)  # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda
+    else:
+      control_flow_ops.cond(
+          math_ops.equal(train_batches, self._start_batch - 1),
+          lambda: self._enable_trace_return_true(), lambda: False)  # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda
 
   def on_test_batch_end(self, batch, logs=None):
     if self.update_freq == 'epoch':
@@ -2020,21 +2019,48 @@ class TensorBoard(Callback):
           self.log_dir, self.model._get_distribution_strategy())  # pylint: disable=protected-access
 
   def _enable_trace(self):
+    """Starts to collect trace graph to TensorBoard.
+
+    Collects both trace and graph in eager mode, and trace only in graph mode.
+    """
     if context.executing_eagerly():
+      # Graph must be traced in eager mode.
       summary_ops_v2.trace_on(graph=True, profiler=False)
-      profiler.start(logdir=os.path.join(self._log_write_dir, 'train'))
-      self._is_tracing = True
+    profiler.start(logdir=os.path.join(self._log_write_dir, 'train'))
+    self._is_tracing = True
+
+  def _enable_trace_return_true(self):
+    """Starts to collect trace graph to TensorBoard and returns True.
+
+    Returns:
+      True.
+    """
+    self._enable_trace()
+    return True
 
   def _log_trace(self):
-    """Logs the trace graph to TensorBoard."""
+    """Logs the trace graph to TensorBoard.
+
+    Logs both trace and graph in eager mode, and trace only in graph mode.
+    """
+    profiler.stop()
     if context.executing_eagerly():
+      # Graph must be traced in eager mode.
       with self._get_writer(self._train_run_name).as_default(), \
           summary_ops_v2.always_record_summaries():
         # TODO(b/126388999): Remove step info in the summary name.
         step = K.get_value(self._total_batches_seen[self._train_run_name])
         summary_ops_v2.trace_export(name='batch_%d' % step, step=step)
-        profiler.stop()
-      self._is_tracing = False
+    self._is_tracing = False
+
+  def _log_trace_return_true(self):
+    """Logs the trace graph to TensorBoard and returns True.
+
+    Returns:
+      True.
+    """
+    self._log_trace()
+    return True
 
   def _log_metrics(self, logs, prefix, step):
     """Writes metrics out as custom scalar summaries.
diff --git a/tensorflow/python/keras/callbacks_test.py b/tensorflow/python/keras/callbacks_test.py
index 98ed5842802..eb62d0b29ee 100644
--- a/tensorflow/python/keras/callbacks_test.py
+++ b/tensorflow/python/keras/callbacks_test.py
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from tensorflow.core.framework import summary_pb2
 from tensorflow.python import keras
 from tensorflow.python.data.ops import dataset_ops
 from tensorflow.python.eager import context
+from tensorflow.python.framework import ops
 from tensorflow.python.framework import random_seed
 from tensorflow.python.keras import keras_parameterized
 from tensorflow.python.keras import testing_utils
@@ -2065,6 +2066,31 @@ class TestTensorBoardV2NonParameterizedTest(keras_parameterized.TestCase):
     )
     self.assertIsNotNone(self._get_trace_file(logdir=self.train_dir))
 
+  # Test case that replicates a Github issue.
+  # https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/issues/37543
+  def test_TensorBoard_autoTrace_profileTwiceGraphMode(self):
+    ops.disable_eager_execution()
+    inp = keras.Input((1,))
+    out = keras.layers.Dense(units=1)(inp)
+    model = keras.Model(inp, out)
+
+    model.compile(gradient_descent.SGD(1), 'mse')
+
+    model.fit(
+        np.zeros((64, 1)),
+        np.zeros((64, 1)),
+        callbacks=[keras.callbacks.TensorBoard(self.logdir, profile_batch=1)],
+    )
+    # Verifies trace exists in the first train_dir.
+    self.assertIsNotNone(self._get_trace_file(logdir=self.train_dir))
+    model.fit(
+        np.zeros((64, 1)),
+        np.zeros((64, 1)),
+        callbacks=[keras.callbacks.TensorBoard(self.logdir, profile_batch=2)],
+    )
+    # Verifies trace exists in the second train_dir.
+    self.assertIsNotNone(self._get_trace_file(logdir=self.train_dir))
+
   def test_TensorBoard_autoTrace_profileBatchRange(self):
     model = self._get_seq_model()
     x, y = np.ones((10, 10, 10, 1)), np.ones((10, 1))